The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic forced everyone to comply with rules of a sanitary regime and social distancing on a daily basis. The aim of our research was to assess the differences in the levels of Dark Triad traits between people who obeyed and disobeyed the pandemic restrictions. Additionally, we considered the possible correlation between the Dark Triad and the intensity of symptoms of depression and anxiety. A total of 604 Polish participants, whose average age was 28.95 ± 11.27 years, completed an online survey which measured Dark Triad traits using the Polish version of the Dirty Dozen test. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The results revealed a possible relationship between personality traits and compliance with pandemic restrictions. Individuals with higher levels of psychopathy tended to disobey newly introduced rules. On the other hand, a higher level of subclinical narcissism might have contributed to a better civil compliance. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the intensity of the Dark Triad and the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, narcissism was linked to anxiety symptoms. These results can contribute to a better understanding of behavioural patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic within the group of individuals who exhibit the Dark Triad traits. Our conclusions might help to identify individuals who are particularly vulnerable to mental health problems.
Ego-resiliency is a set of traits that promotes positive adaptation to life’s vicissitudes. High ego-resiliency helps in upholding one’s personality system when facing adversity and in adjusting it to new environmental demands. Our study aimed at evaluating the connections between ego-resiliency, the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. A total of 604 Polish citizens aged 16 to 69 years participated in the online survey. Ego-resiliency was measured with the Ego Resiliency Scale (ER89-R12), anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and life satisfaction with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Statistical analyses were performed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results revealed correlations between the intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, life satisfaction, and the intensity of ego-resiliency. Individuals with a high level of ego-resiliency tended to experience a lower intensity of anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, individuals with a high level of ego-resiliency exhibited a higher level of life satisfaction. Our conclusions might assist in better understanding the close link between levels of ego-resiliency, the occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and satisfaction with life among Polish individuals experiencing crises.
Zmiany kawitujące w płucach obrazowane na zdjęciu rentgenowskim klatki piersiowej mogą być diagnostycznym wyzwaniem. W celu dokładnego ustalenia ich przyczyny konieczne jest wzięcie pod uwagę szerokiej diagnostyki różnicowej i przeprowadzenie licznych badań. Kobieta, 44-letnia, z gruczolakiem endometrium w wywiadzie została przyjęta na oddział pulmonologiczny w celu diagnostyki powiększonych węzłów chłonnych śródpiersia i współwystępujących w miąższu płuc guzków. Zdjęcie rentgenowskie i pozytonowa tomografia emisyjna (<i>positron emission tomography</i> – PET) uwidoczniły zmiany kawitujące w płucach, które mogły stanowić przerzuty płucne; jednakże badania laboratoryjne i histopatologiczne nie potwierdziły obecności zmian nowotworowych. W materiale pobranym w trakcie przezoskrzelowej biopsji węzłów chłonnych pod kontrolą ultrasonografii wewnątrzoskrzelowej w czasie rzeczywistym (<i>endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration</i> – EBUS-TBNA) oraz wideotorakoskopii (<i>video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery</i> – VATs) zostały znalezione nieserowaciejące ziarniniaki, które sugerowały rozpoznanie sarkoidozy lub reakcji sarkoidalnej. Dopiero w zaawansowanym stadium zmian płucnych komórki nowotworowe zostały ujawnione w plwocinie. Pomimo wdrożenia chemioterapii pacjentka zmarła. Liczne przerzuty płucne zostały potwierdzone w badaniu post-mortem. Opisany przypadek jest przykładem rzadkiego zjawiska reakcji sarkoidalnej w śródpiersiu i miąższu płuc w wyniku nowotworu zlokalizowanego poniżej przepony. Różnicowanie pomiędzy sarkoidozą, reakcją sarkoidalną i przerzutami do płuc w podobnych przypadkach może stanowić trudność diagnostyczną. Dlatego powinno się powtarzać procedury diagnostyczne takie jak EBUS-TBNA lub VATs u pacjentów z wywiadem onkologicznym.
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