Aims:To evaluate bone turnover in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) at onset, after 3 and 12 months of treatment, and in children with longer duration of disease, and its association with glycemic control. Patients and Methods: 17 children with DM1 at onset, 30 with DM1 of longer duration and 45 controls participated in the study. Tartrateresistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACPSb), crosslinked C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC) were assessed. Results: At onset of DM1 osteocalcin (p <0.0003) and log CTX (p <0.003) were lower than in controls but returned to reference levels after 3 months of therapy. TRACPSb in children with DM1 increased gradually and after 12 months was higher than at onset (p <0.03). OC at onset inversely correlated with HbAi c (r = -0.40, p = 0.03). In children with DM1 of longer duration and HbAi c >6.5%, sex-dependent differences were found in OC and CTX. Girls with HbAi c >6.5% had lower OC and CTX than controls (p <0.005, p <0.003). Inverse correlations were found between HbAi c and OC and CTX (r = -0.50, p = 0.04; r = -0.49, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Proper glycemic control has a beneficial influence on bone turnover, which may prevent low bone mass in adulthood.

The impact of 25(OH)D3 on SBP variation, mediated by its effect on endothelial dysfunction and subclinical organ damage, is modest but significant.

Bone is a dynamic tissue that consistently undergoes remodeling. During formation and resorption processes, bone turnover markers are released. They are specific bone-derived molecules that circulate in the blood or are present in the urine reflecting the bone metabolic activity (during childhood and adolescence: bone growth in length, modeling and remodeling). The use of biochemical bone turnover markers provides dynamic indices of bone turnover and complements the static measures of bone, such as measurement of bone mineral density using DEXA or measurement of bone geometry, mass and density using quantitative computed tomography. The assay of bone markers may be repeated at much shorter intervals than remaining measurements so may help in detecting influence of disease or effects of therapy much earlier than changes in bone mass or progression in bone disease can be ascertained. The usefulness of determination of bone turnover markers in children and adolescents requires that the influence of age, sex and pubertal stage be taken into consideration to interpret the results correctly. Bone turnover markers are used in children and adolescents to assess bone metabolic disorders, monitoring disease progression and antiresorptive therapy.

Introduction. Controversial data on disturbances in mineral homeostasis and bone mass were reported in children with diagnosed untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Early detection of bone metabolism abnormalities is important for monitoring the effect of therapy on the skeleton. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone metabolism in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia by assessing biomarkers of bone cell activity. Materials and methods. Propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) and osteocalcin (OC) as bone formation markers and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP 5b) as resorption markers were determined in 22 Caucasian children and adolescents (12 boys 4-21 years, 10 girls 4-16 years) with newly diagnosed, untreated ALL and in 22 age-and gender-matched controls. Results. Bone formation, in particular, and bone resorption were significantly reduced in ALL children and adolescents compared with controls (Me P1NP 51.9 vs.

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