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Adhesives are substances that increase the surface adhesion of bonded items. Unfortunately, they also emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which negatively impact upon human and animal health. VOCs have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties and can cause migraines, irritation to the eyes, nasal passages, mouth, and lungs, and respiratory problems. Wastewater from adhesive production is characterized by high levels of pollutants and contains high concentrations of compounds including formaldehyde that are toxic to water biocenoses. Moreover, its purification causes many problems and requires the application of specific methods. This review presents data concerning the toxicity and ecotoxicity of selected adhesives components. VOC emission rates from adhesives and wooden construction elements with adhesives are also discussed and assessed. Current knowledge on the treatment methods for wastewater containing adhesive components is reviewed. Finally, the treatment and disposal methods for solid wooden waste containing adhesives are also analyzed and discussed.

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In the present study, we examined how the active aluminum nano‐oxide in the gamma form used as a neutral carrier for the nanoparticles of various metals (as Ag, Pr) affected their toxic behavior. Our experiments have shown that exposure to metal nanoparticles can be reduced by binding the nanoparticles to alumina nanoparticles and the aluminum nano‐oxide is suitable to function as the nano‐stabilizer for the Ag and Pr nanoparticles. We have managed to manufacture new alumina‐stabilized silver and praseodymium nanoparticles using dry sol‐gel method that are not phyto‐ and eco‐toxic.