Infertility as a result of antineoplastic therapy is becoming a very important issue due to the growing incidence of neoplastic diseases. Routinely applied antineoplastic treatments and the illness itself lead to fertility disorders.Therapeutic methods used in antineoplastic treatment may cause fertility impairment or sterilization due to permanent damage to reproductive cells. The risk of sterilization depends on the patient's sex, age during therapy, type of neoplasm, radiation dose and treatment area. It is known that chemotherapy and radiotherapy can lead to fertility impairment and the combination of these two gives an additive effect.The aim of this article is to raise the issue of infertility in these patients. It is of growing importance due to the increase in the number of children and young adults who underwent radiotherapy in the past.The progress in antineoplastic therapy improves treatment results, but at the same time requires a deeper look at existential needs of the patient. Reproductive function is an integral element of self-esteem and should be taken into account during therapy planning.

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Breast conserving treatment (BCT) is a safe standard therapeutic method in patients with early invasive breast cancer. However, it is associated with an increased risk of residual neoplastic tissues in surgical margins. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of the use of the intraoperative pathologic analysis by the frozen section (FS) method for evaluation of the extent of the primary lumpectomy. The study concerns a retrospective analysis of a group of 1102 patients who underwent BCT between Jan 2015 and Dec 2016. The assessment focused on the frequency of the intraoperative pathologic analysis of the primary lumpectomy extent (fresh frozen section method). The influence of the BCT specimen analysis method on the free margins width, as well as the rate and the cause of reoperation were evaluated. The intraoperative lumpectomy evaluation was performed in 45.8% (505/1102) of patients (Group I), while in the remaining 54.2% of the cases it was decided to abandon this procedure (Group II). Although in 72 (14.3%) patients the intraoperative analysis gave negative results, the margins contained residual tumor tissue (vs. 16.9% in Group II). In Group I, conversion from the previously planned BCT to mastectomy was necessary in 5.9% (30/505) patients (vs. 9.7% in Group II). The duration of surgery was 48.9 ± 17.3 minutes (Group I) and 42.9 ± 13.6 minutes (Group II). In patients undergoing BCT, the use of the intraoperative pathologic analysis by the FS method resulted in a reduction of the total number of reoperations performed due to residual tumor found in the margins following the primary lumpectomy. However, it statistically significantly extended the duration of the surgery.

O-HO PET/CT is safe and effective for the early detection and quantitative analysis of subclinical post-RT changes in heart perfusion in breast cancer patients. The LV segments supplied by the LAD are the main site of MBF changes. A minimum radiation dose deposited in the LAD may be a predictor of radiation-induced heart toxicity. Advances in knowledge: This is the first time that O-HO PET/CT has been used to assess MBF after RT and the first granular description of the distribution of blood flow changes after breast cancer RT.