Kegiatan fisik yang sering dilakukan oleh anak prasekolah seperti: berguling, melompar, meluncur, berputar, berjalan dan berlari dipercaya dapat menjadi sarana dalam merangsang sistem kepekaan dan sensori bagi anak usia dini. Kegiatan tersebut melibatkan emosi dan fisik setiap individu. Setiap kegiatan yang dilakukan mengandung nilai yang penting bagi aspek perkembangan dasar?é?á anak. Nilai-nilaiyang terkandung dalam setiap permainan dapat menjadi sarana dalam pemecahan masalah yg dihadapi. Penelitian tentang ?óÔé¼?ôPermainan tradisional sebagai media stimulasi aspek perkembangan?é?á anak usia dini?óÔé¼?Ø ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mencari, merekonstruksi, dan mengklasifikasi permainan tradisional yang ada di Jawa Tengah sesuai dengan nilai budaya masyarakat. (2) Menganalisis permainan tradisional sebagai sarana stimulan empat aspek perkembangan anak usia dini yaitu aspek fisik motorik, sosial emosional, kognitif dan bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata yang diperoleh dari berbagai teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode observasi, kuisioner dan wawancara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam empat tahap yaitu : Tahap I : Tahap pendahuluan/ awal dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan; Tahap II : Pengembangan awal, rancangan untuk mengidentifikasi permainan tradisional yang dilakukan di TK Tunas Rimba I Semarang;?é?á Tahap III : Melakukan wawancara, pengisian kuisioner / angket tentang permainan tradisional; dan Tahap IV?é?á?é?á?é?á?é?á?é?á?é?á : menganalisis manfaat permainan tradisional sebagai stimulan aspek perkembangan anak. Kesimpulan yang ditemukan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa terdapat lima jenis permainan tradisional yang dilaksanakan di TK Tunas Rimba I Semarang. Jenis permainan tradisional tersebut merupakan sarana dalam mengembangkan aspek perkembangan dasar anak, seperti: pisik-mitorik, kognitif, sosial-emosional, dan bahasa. Terlebih lagi, anak usia dini dapat mengenal nilai-nilai budaya lokal yang terdapat dalam setiap jenis permainan. Hal ini sesuai dengan semboyan pembelajaran pada anak usia dini ?óÔé¼?ôBelajar seraya Bermain?óÔé¼?Ø stimulasi aspek perkembangan anak berasal dari permainan khususnya permainan tradisional budaya leluhur. ?é?á Kata kunci: permainan tradisional, media stimulasi, aspek perkembangan

Multiple cascading hazards triggered by the 2018 Sulawesi, Indonesia, earthquake caused various compounding consequences. A major strike-slip fault movement with along-dip components resulted in intense ground shaking, liquefaction and lateral spreading, large-scale mudflows, and tsunamis. This paper presents observations of such multi-hazard effects on buildings and infrastructure in areas along Palu Bay, based on field reconnaissance work, and discusses the main causes of the disaster by focusing upon the combined effects of the cascading geological hazards. To evaluate the tsunami risk potential of the strike-slip event, tsunami simulations for the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake are performed by considering different model settings for spatial earthquake slip distribution, rake angle, astronomical tidal effect, and co-seismic ground deformation. The numerical results indicate that the co-seismic rupture of a moment magnitude 7.5 strike-slip earthquake, having notable dip components can generate damaging tsunami waves at coastal locations of Palu Bay. The conclusion has important implications for future tsunami hazard assessments in active seismic regions where major fault systems cut across a bay or into the sea.

Wave experiments were conducted on a 1:20 length scale to measure water surface elevations and extreme pressures on and around idealized structural elements and arrays of structures. Experiments varied offshore wave characteristics and onshore structural configurations. Conditions in which waves broke on or just before the specimen caused maximum impulsive pressures. Pressures measured under nonbreaking wave conditions agreed with predicted values using design equations suggested by the Japanese Cabinet Office; however bare-earth water surface elevation inputs produced nonconservative estimates in breaking wave trials. Shielded structures experienced pressure reductions of 40-70% under breaking wave conditions. Results indicate that shielding elements constructed nearshore may reduce wave-induced damage. This dataset may be used to validate numerical models of tsunami propagation through urban environments.

Fast-growing tree species are being considered as an alternative source of timber to augment the supply in southern Asian countries. Eucalyptus is one of the most promising genus because its fast-growing characteristics and hybridization among species can produce superior characteristics valuable to both the pulp and timber industries. To evaluate the possibility of using it for timber, growth characteristics and wood properties were investigated for three nine-year-old Eucalyptus species (E. urophylla, E. grandis, and E. pellita) planted for pulpwood in Indonesia. E. pellita showed superior growth characteristics and wood properties compared to the other two species. No negative correlation coefficients were observed between growth characteristics and wood properties in any of the species, indicating that improvement of wood properties might not reduce the growth characteristics. The hybrids from E. pellita and E. urophylla might produce a next generation with better growth characteristics, resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to low soil fertility, and relatively good wood properties. In addition, based on the obtained results, hybridization between E. grandis and E. urophylla or E. pellita might improve the relatively low wood properties of E. grandis.