An estimation based on a mathematical model to predict hourly evapotranspiration (ET) rates that occur inside a plant factory system was made using the Stanghellini model. The Stanghellini model is considered more appropriate for estimating the rate of ET inside the soilless culture of greenhouse tomatoes. The model requires some climatic data (e.g., solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) and plant growth parameters (leaf area index) as inputs. In this study, the observed data were obtained from an experimental greenhouse located at the Ehime University, Japan. The ET rate of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crop was measured using a weighing method. Accurate determination of ET is essential to precisely compute crop water use and to assist growers for applying good irrigation management. The results showed that solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit are important factors driving the ET rate. The model's output showed good results for determining the ET rate and depicted crop water requirements on an hourly basis.

The aims of this study are to observe the postharvest effect of storage and traditional market's material handling on the quality of melon fruit Sakata cultivar. The physical qualities of melon fruit been observed were weight (measured by a scale), diameter and length (by sliding range), also fruit peel and flesh (with Zwick Type Universal Testing Machine DO-FB0.5TS). Chemical qualities of Sakata melon been observed were water content (thermogravimetric), °Brix sucrose (refractometer ABBE), pH (pH-meter), total carotene, total acid, and vitamin C with destructive methods. Storaging melon with traditional market method resulted in decreasing the value of physical parameters and increasing chemical parameters. Sakata melon softened during storage with fruit peel texture values was 6.45-8.07 N and fruit flesh texture was 1.4-2.06 N. The weight loss of Sakata melon was 0.06-0.25 kg, diameter dropped 0.0-0.6 cm, and length dropped 0.1-0.5 cm during storage. Water content decreased from 92.84% to 91.19%. Sucrose content increase with values of 5.74-7.7 o Brix. Vitamin C levels showed a low and fluctuating value, 14.52-19.91 mg/100g. The melon fruit was slightly acidic with pH ranging from 6.2-6.96 and the total acid increased from 0.16 mg ek/100 g on an initial day to 0.31 mg ek/100 g on the eleventh day of storage. The total carotene content of melons ranged between 4.23-5.64 mg/100 g and indicated the flesh color of melon was getting more orange during storage.

Black rice is anthocyanin-containing rice. Black rice farming can be found in several parts of Indonesia, including in Yogyakarta where the harvest is mainly used for self-consumption and to be marketed. In 2018, almost half of the farmers facing the problem to market the harvest. On the other hand, black rice distributors expressed their needs of more supply to meet Yogyakarta market demand. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on modeling the black rice marketing channel system to observe the behaviour of black rice inventory. This study aims to produce a black rice marketing system model and find out the black rice inventory system in Yogyakarta using a dynamic modeling. The sampling techniques used purposive and snowball sampling in the black rice marketing channels. The results show that the system consisted of farmers, collectors, distributors, retailers and consumers subsystems, and the best scenario in the simulation implied the collectors and distributors must increase the sale to other areas outside Yogyakarta.

No abstract

No abstract