A legal researcher must see that research is an activity. The research is not only reading books, principles, doctrines, and regulations but also an activity to find data. Legal research should no longer distinguish between normative research and sociological research, or qualitative and quantitative research. This research method uses focus group discussions as used in qualitative research. The results of the study are that the law was born from the community that the legal system consists of substance, system, and culture. So that legal research that has its characteristics and is different from social science (sui generis) needs to be re-examined in its meaning in research. Related to the use of primary data existence, in socio-legal research requires primary data whose ranking consists of 7 (seven), namely: Dissertation, National and International scientific journal articles, Thesis and Thesis, Interview, Academic Paper, Court Verdict and Case, which how to obtain primary data must be systematic, scientific and rational. So in addition to normative juridical research with the object of research on legal principles, teachings or legal theories, and legal doctrines, legal research needs to reposition primary data in socio-legal research.

Notary is a public official who provides legal services to the public. Notary's Authorities are regulated in Article 16 paragraph (1) of Law Number 2 of 2014 on Amendment to Law Number 30 of 2004 on Position of Notary. Based on data of Directorate of General Criminal Investigation Metro Jaya in 2014 and 2017, the number of Notaries who were placed as suspects and witnesses of criminal acts and falsification were increased. It was because of the absence of obligation to prove appearer document authenticity as contained in Supreme Court Decree Number 702 K/Sip/1973, September 5, 1973. The research was sociological normative by testing the truth of deelneming criminal exception with secondary data, supported by primary data in the form of interviews, using non-random purposive sampling. Theory of lesser evil made Notary is excluded from deelneming claim in Article 55 of Criminal Code on documents falsification, as long as the Public Notary applies 2015 Law and Ethics Code, and ignores Supreme Court Decree Number 702 K/Sip/1973, September 5, 1973. Further, he continues to conduct his duties within a standard operating procedure for himself and related agencies when proving the documents in the form of minutes. Therefore, this exception principle in falsification is given conditionally. It applies to Notary if he can prove that he has conducted an act to prove appearer documents).

Cultural behavior among physicians with pharmaceutical companies that harm the patient in the case of a prescription can be criminalitations when culture is done in organized, structured, and continue to cause victims. Culture is also an act mala per se and meet the elements of actus reus and mens rea.

<pre><em>An authentic deed made by a notary has certain requirements that need to be fulfilled. The making of a notarial deed refers to Law Number 30 of 2004 as amended by Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Notary Occupation (</em><em>UUJN</em><em>). One of the requirements that shall be fulfilled in order that an authentic deed drawn up by a notary has perfect evidentiary power is the affixing of a signature by the appearer, this has also been regulated in Article 44 </em><em>UUJN. N</em><em>ot affixing a signature can reduce the evidentiary power of the deed. The notary also has the responsibility of conducting the precautionary principle when assisting appearer without fingerprints in giving valid legal approval in addition to affixing signatures and fingerprints. </em><em>According to</em><em> </em><em>interviews and legal data analyzed by the author, the affixing of the signature and fingerprint stamp can be replaced by surrogate. Surrogate is a sentence written at the end of the deed to clearly explain the reasons for not being able to affix a signature. This is also in line with Article 44 paragraph (2) </em><em>UUJN</em><em>. The notary also has the responsibility to apply the precautionary principle in making the surrogacy/surrogate by using clear sentence formulations and supported by a doctor's certificate from the appearer which strengthens the reasons for using the surrogate.</em><em></em></pre><pre><strong><br /></strong></pre><pre><strong><br /></strong></pre><pre><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: </strong>Sebuah akta autentik yang dibuat oleh notaris memiliki persyaratan tertentu yang perlu dipenuhi dalam pembuatannya. Pembuatan akta notaris mengacu kepada Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN). Salah satu persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi agar suatu akta autentik yang dibuat oleh notaris memiliki kekuatan pembuktian sempurna ialah dengan dibubuhkannya tanda tangan oleh penghadap, hal ini telah diatur pula dalam Pasal 44 UUJN. Tidak dibubuhkannya tanda tangan dapat menurunkan kekuatan pembuktian akta tersebut. Notaris juga memiliki tanggung jawab yaitu penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian ketika membantu penghadap tanpa sidik jari dalam memberikan persetujuan hukumnya yang sah selain pembubuhan tanda tangan dan cap sidik jari. Menurut wawancara dan data-data yang dianalisis oleh Penulis, pembubuhan tanda tangan dan cap sidik jari tersebut dapat digantikan dengan surogasi/<em>surrogate</em>. Surogasi/<em>surrogate </em>merupakan kalimat yang dituliskan pada akhir akta untuk secara jelas menerangkan alasan tidak dapat dibubuhkannya tanda tangan. Hal ini telah sejalan pula dengan Pasal 44 ayat (2) UUJN. Notaris juga memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian dalam pembuatan surogasi/<em>surrogate</em> tersebut dengan menggunakan formulasi kalimat yang jelas serta didukung dengan adanya surat keterangan dokter dari penghadap yang menjadi menguatkan alasan digunakannya surogasi/<em>surrogate</em> tersebut.</pre>

Bisnis dan setiap layanan publik, dalam kondisi yang penuh ketidakpastian karena pandemi Covid-19, termasuk didalamnya konsep penggunaan cyber notary bagi pejabat pembuat akta otentik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Perolehan data primer melalui focus group discussion, interview secara langsung atau melalui seminar online, dengan teknik non-random purposive sampling. Cyber notary diselenggarakan untuk membuktikan dokumen pendukung dari suatu akta yang wajib dilengkapi dengan tanda tangan elektronik yang terdaftar. Suatu digital signature telah memenuhi unsur secara yuridis, yaitu seseorang yang membutuhkan tanda tangan digitalnya dianggap mengakui apa yang ditulisnya secara keseluruhan dalam dokumen elektronik yang bersangkutan. Oleh karenanya mendesak bagi Kemenkumham untuk segera membuat peraturan tentang digital signature dalam akta otentik notaris, mengingat sah secara hukum sebagai alat bukti surat sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 184 ayat (1) UU No. 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Kitab Hukum Acara Pidana.