Tempurung kemiri merupakan limbah organik yang dapat diuraikan namun dengan teksturnya yang cukup keras sehingga membutuhkan waktu untuk menguraikannya secara alamiah, sehingga kulit kemiri menjadi limbah yang sangat meresahkan masyarakat sehingga dilakukan berbagai upaya untuk memanfaatkan limbah kulit kemiri.Proses pembuatan karbon aktif melalui tiga tahapan yaitu proses pengarangan atau kabonisasi, proses aktivasi dan proses dehidrasi. Untuk menjadi arang, tempurung kemiri awalnya dikeringkan diterik matahari dan dioven pada suhu 110°C selama 1 jam. Kemudian tempurung kemiri di furnace pada suhu 700°C selama 2 jam agar menjadi arang. Arang yang dihasilkan direndam dalam larutan H3PO4 pada konsentrasi 2,5%, 5,0% dan 7,5% selama 24 jam. Selanjutnya dioven untuk menghilangkan kadar air pada arang. Arang yang sudah dioven diaktivasi termal dalam furnace pada suhu 700°C selama 2 jam. Yang dianalisa dalam penelitian ini adalah kadar air, kadar abu, daya serap terhadap iodium, dan kristalinitas. Dari uji kualitas karbon aktif yang dilakukan, kualitas karbon aktif yang terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi asam posfat 7,5% dengan kadar air 6,95 %, kadar abu 2,38%, daya serap terhadap kadar iod sebesar 602,91 mg/g yang memenuhi standar SNI 06-3703-1995. Hasil yang di dapat dari penelitian ini yaitu semakin tinggi konsentrasi zat aktivator, dan waktu aktivasi maka semakin tinggi daya serap karbon aktif.Kata Kunci: Karbon aktif, Tempurung Kemiri, Asam Fosfat

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This study was aimed to develop an environmental-friendly fingerprint visualization using turmeric herb. The turmeric powder size was in the range of 60-200 mesh. The dusting method was done by applying turmeric powder to glass surface, aluminum foil, transparent plastic, plastic cups and compact disk (CD) surfaces that have sebum content from fingerprint samples. This study was also compared with the small particle reagent (SPR) of ninhydrin. The SPR method was done by spraying ninhydrin solution on A4 white paper and doorslag paper. The results of this study indicated that form of fingerprint obtained has the following pattern: radial loop (16.6 %), ulnar loop (63.3 %), tented arch (1.6 %), twinted loop (1.6 %) and plain whorl (16.6 %). The results showed that the turmeric powder dusting method gave a low contrast with yellow colour while ninhydrin SPR provides high contrast with Ruhemann’s purple.

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In this study, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process of bio-oil from coconut shell waste was catalyzed by active Sarulla natural zeolite (ZAS) supported by Co metal and a combination of Co-Mo metal. The resulting bio-oil HDO product is expected to have good physicochemical stability during the storage period so as to increase its potential as an alternative source of hydrocarbon energy. Preparation and activation of ZAS catalyst with 3M HCl and calcination with N2 gas flow. Impregnation of Co and Co-Mo into ZAS was carried out by wet impregnation method followed by oxidation and reduction with O2 and H2 gas flow. Several important properties of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET methods. Bio-oil HDO process is carried out in fixed bed reactor with H2 gas flow at a certain temperature for two hours. Analysis of physicochemical properties and stability of bio-oil products includes analysis of acid number, viscosity, elementary content, HHV, and component analysis using GC-MS. The data obtained showed that the loading of two metals increased the spesific surface area, volume and pore size, but decreased the crystallinity of the catalyst. Based on the distribution of HDO products, it indicates that monometal catalysts tend to produce more liquid phase, coke, and gas while bimetallic catalysts tend to produce more organic phase. Viscosity and acid number of bio-oil catalyzed by Co-Mo/ZAS is lower than that of Co/ZAS. Co/ZAS catalyst showed high selectivity towards the aqueous phase. The bio-oil catalyzed by Co/ZAS has a higher HHV and a higher viscosity and lower oxygen content as a result of the release of hydrogen bound oxygen into water molecules. Thus, it can be assumed that the deposition of Co and Co-Mo on zeolite has a different effect on the characteristics of zeolite and its activity as a catalyst.