El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación cualitativa que exploró las relaciones de humillación entre estudiantes de secundaria, particularmente de los atributos que hacen evidentes tales modos de vincularse, entendiendo que la producción de dichas modalidades de sociabilidad se da en un entramado de configuraciones específicas. La investigación analizó desde un enfoque relacional dos grupos escolares de dos escuelas secundarias estatales, empleando para ello entrevistas en profundidad, individuales y grupales, a los alumnos de dichos grupos. Los resultados señalan que los atributos básicos para el desarrollo de las humillaciones varían en las condiciones estudiadas; antes que cualidades universales, similares en los distintos contextos, los términos humillantes se definen en función de las relaciones de fuerza entre los grupos interdependientes.
RESUMENLa categoría incivilidades en la escuela es un concepto que diversos investigadores utilizan al abordar la temática de la violencia en el espacio escolar. Con el objetivo de correrse de miradas que solo contemplan la agresión física o los actos tipificados en el código penal, estos trabajos estudian las violencias cotidianas insertas en las interacciones sociales del sistema escolar (las transgresiones a las normas de convivencia, a las reglas del buen comportamiento, oposición entre estilos de socialización, etc.). Este artículo, a partir de una revisión crítica de las investigaciones que han utilizado la categoría, pretende dar cuenta de sus principales aportes, así como los recaudos que consideramos necesario tener en cuenta para su uso en la investigación de las prácticas educativas. KEYWORDS IncivilitiesViolence School Educational research ABSTRACTThe category incivilities at schools is a concept which several researchers use when addressing the issue of violence at school place. In order to go beyond of the physical aggression or the acts typified in the penal code, these studies analyse the daily violence embedded in the social interactions of the school system (transgressions to norms of coexistence, rules of good behaviour, opposition to different syles of socialization, etc.). Based on a critical review of the researches that have used the category of incivilities, this article, attempts to show not only the main contributions of this category but also the need to be cautious of its use in research on educational practices. Cita sugerida: Mutchinick, A. (2017). Las incivilidades en la escuela. Potencialidades y recaudos del uso de la categoría en la investigación educativa. Archivos de Ciencias de la Educación, 11(12), e034. https://doi
Background COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on surgical training programs.. This study describes the teaching strategies and outcomes in 3 different times of the COVID-19 pandemic through a dynamic assessment of medical skills and well-being of trainees. Methods Three surveys were administered during 2020 to General Surgery residents and fellows in a University Hospital in Argentina. Perceptions on the impact of COVID-19 were described. The stress rate and risk factors were analyzed. Results The study included 124 answers; 59% were men. 82% of trainees reported concerns about the loss of surgical skills in early phase 1. Time spent with academic activities increased in 94.5% of the cases. Due to the prompt implementation of changes, by the end of 2020, 73% participated in a greater number of procedures (p=0.003); Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use related problems dropped from 40 to 14% (p=0.031) and the lack of adequate spaces where trainees could express reduced from 28% to zero. Half of the trainees felt stressed and 18% required psychological assistance; reporting problems with PPE use was identified as a risk factor (p=0.012). Conclusions Assessing trainees’ perceptions at 3 different times of the COVID-19 pandemic enabled the implementation of dynamic changes. The negative impact on surgical training was partially offset by the optimal use of virtual learning. Half of them felt stressed, identifying problems in the use of PPE as a predisposing factor.
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