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The Nagoya Protocol is an international agreement that aims to share the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources in a fair and equitable way. It is considered one of the innovative achievements of global environmental governance and is expected to generate new opportunities. However, the Nagoya Protocol has been described as “a masterpiece in creative ambiguity” because of its lack of legal clarity. The Republic of Korea, although it has not yet ratified the Protocol, has made considerable efforts to address the upcoming changes. The current legislation, which is one of the most important way-stations for ratification, is in its final stages. However, there are differences of opinion among government departments. This article analyses the legal and policy responses of the Korean government to access and benefit sharing, with a focus on marine biological resources.

·············································································································································································The study evaluated the efficacy of combining autogenous tooth bone grafts with membranes in surgically created class II furcation defects. Thirty teeth of 10 dogs were assessed. Furcation defects (5 × 4 × 3 mm 3 ) were created in the lower third and fourth premolars. Defects in the control, experimental-1, and experimental-2 groups were treated with non-resorbable membranes only, autogenous tooth bone grafts with non-resorbable membranes, and autogenous tooth bone grafts with resorbable membranes, respectively. Healing patterns were observed 4 to 8 weeks after treatment. Mesio-distal sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and histological and histomorphometrical analyses were performed. Four weeks after treatment, connective tissue and autogenous tooth bone graft materials with newly formed bone were observed. Partial recovery of periodontal ligament-like tissue and formation of cementum-like tissue at root surfaces also occurred. Eight weeks after treatment, mature bone tissue formation was noted. In addition, regular thickness of cementum-like tissue at root surfaces, and improved periodontal ligament-like tissue were observed. Areas of newly formed tissue were 92.2% ± 13.0%, 97.4% ± 4.4%, and 98.1% ± 2.8% at 4 weeks after treatment, and 96.7% ± 3.7%, 96.8% ± 5.7%, and 99.6% ± 0.8% by 8 weeks post-treatment, in the control, experimental-1, and experimental-2 groups, respectively. Regeneration of defective tissues occurred in the experimental group compared with the control group, but not significantly. This study showed that combining autogenous tooth bone grafts with membranes in class II furcation defects improves healing efficiency.

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