While the importance of leadership in various domains has been highlighted in the extant literature, effective leadership in the context of higher education sector has not been well addressed in the leadership scholarship. There is a need to address the challenge of leadership effectiveness in the education sector including business schools given the failures noticed in the sector attributed to poor quality leadership. There exists a major area of concern that calls for an investigation into this problem and therefore there was a need to explore the factors that affected leadership in the context of higher education institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach: The research is exploratory in nature as the study critically reviewed extant literature surrounding leadership practices specifically from a public-sector context to identify factors affecting leadership effectiveness. Findings: The findings of the study pointed out that regardless of the nation or organisation, leadership effectiveness is a factor that is dependent on how well the followers have accepted the leader. This indicates that amongst the different challenges explored in this study, leadership effectiveness is not only a challenge by itself but is also affected by other challenges including leadership practice and style. Research limitations/implications: This research provides a better understanding of the critical factors affecting leadership practice of deans of business schools and how the styles' influence on leadership practice, the relationship between leadership practice and leadership effectiveness and how leadership style translates into leadership effectiveness. Originality/value: This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge surrounding leadership scholarship from a public-sector context about the challenges that affect leadership effectiveness in the context of HEIs and stimulates further investigation into those challenges.

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Bahrain government sector organizations have started to realize the significance of team management and how it can be managed effectively and efficiently to ensure enhancing the organization's performance. The use of team management to enhance organizational performance in the Bahrain government sector has become a serious situation for the government in the Kingdom of Bahrain. However, in spite of the increasing number of studies relating to team management in developed countries, few studies have been made in the same context within gulf countries. The aim of this study is to determine how the factors of team management can affect the performance of government organizations in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study adopted a quantitative method approach for the purpose of the study. The sample size of the study is selected from Bahrain government sector organizations, data were collected from 150 respondents, and the sample was selected based of those who were working for the government and semi-government organizations from the employees who are representing the basics of the organization to the managers who are the responsible persons of team’s formation. The generated data from the government and semi-government organizations were analyzed using many statistical tools, we used the Correlation analysis to test the relationship between our variables and Linear Regression was to test the hypothesis of the study. The results showed that only team decision has a significant positive influence on organizational performance in Bahrain government sector. However, the study result showed that there is no influence on organizational performance in the Bahrain government sector from team trust, team motivation, team cohesiveness, and job satisfaction. Finally, the study recommended the need for Bahrain government sector organizations to give full attention to team management in those organizations in which this will reflect the organizational performance positively.

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