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SAMHD1, a human host factor found in myeloid cells which restricts HIV-1 replication. It depletes the dNTPs pool for viral cDNA syntheses, thus preventing the viral replication in the cells. The viral accessory protein, Vpx, exists only in SIVmac/HIV-2 particles. Vpx in SIVmac can induce proteosomal degradation of SAMHD1, which then leads to a decrease in the cytoplasmic dNTP pool. The protein–protein interaction between Vpx and SAMHD1 and its consequences are still unclear. Methods: In this study, we cloned, for the first time, Vpx gene from a HIV-2 infected patient and found up to 30% sequence variation compared to known HIV-2 strains. We then analyzed the role of SAMHD1 protein expression in transfected THP-1 and U937 cells by transfecting with the Vpx gene derived from SIVmac, HIV-2 from the NIH sample as well as HIV-2 from a Saudi patient. We found that Vpx gene expression led to reduced levels of intracellular SAMHD1. When the supernatants of the transfected cell lines were examined for secreted cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, Vpx expression seemed to be suppressive of pro-inflammatory response, and skewed the immune response towards an anti-inflammatory response. These results suggest that Vpx can act at two levels: clearance of intracellular restriction factor and suppression of cytokine storm: both aimed at long-term latency and host–pathogen stand-off, suggesting that Vpx is likely to be a potential therapeutic target.

Aim: to explore the utilization of ginger and its effect on relieving the chemotherapy related nausea and vomiting among patients with gynecological cancer. Methods: An quasi-experimental research design was utilized to conduct this study on 132 patients attended the oncology center of Mansoura University Hospital between January 2013 to December 2013 for chemotherapy for a gynecologic tumor. The study sample served as a one arm intervention group. Data were collected using three tools; the 1st tool was an interview questionnaire to assess the general characteristics of the patients, the 2nd tool was the Rhodes Inventory of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching (INVR) to assess the level and severity of nausea and vomiting experienced before and after the chemotherapy and the 3rd tool was the woman's follow up card to assess the patient's compliance with the ginger tablets. Results: The baseline total Rhodes Index score was significantly decreased after receiving the assigned dose of Ginger tablets (63.8±5.3 at base line and 60.6±4.9 at end of the study P<0.0001). Conclusion: Ginger tablets are effective in reducing the chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. Key word: Ginger tablets, chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, gynecologic tumor, Rhodes Inventory of nausea and vomiting. Research hypothesis Women on chemotherapy for gynecologic tumors who consume Ginger tablets exhibits lower score of Rhodes for nausea and vomiting after receiving the treatment. Subjects and Method Research design: An quasiexperimental research design was utilized.

Background: Workers in hospital laundry have exhausting duties and are exposed to various environmental and work related problems. The aim of the study: was to assess the occupational health hazards among workers in Hospital Laundry Department at Benha City. Research design: A descriptive research design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting:The study was conducted at the laundry departments of Governmental and Non-Governmental Hospitals at Benha City. Sampling: A Convenience sample of all Hospital Laundry Workers 110 divided into 55 in Governmental Hospitals and 55 in Non-Governmental Hospitals was involved in this study. Tools: Two tools were used. Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire it consisted of four items: A: socio-demographic characteristics of the studied laundry workers. B: Job characteristics of the studied laundry workers. C: It was concerned with health problems among studied laundry workers. D: It was concerned with studied laundry workers knowledge about occupational health hazards and safety measures. Tool II: Observational checklist which consisted of two parts A: assess laundry workers practices regarding safety measures. B: Assess the workplace environment safety and sanitation condition. Results: 34.5%of the studied laundry workers in Non-Governmental Hospitals had poor knowledge about occupational health hazards. 92.7% of the studied laundry workers at Governmental Hospitals have health problems, while 85.5% of the studied workers at Non-Governmental Hospitals have health problems. 69.1 % of the studied laundry workers in Non-Governmental Hospitals had satisfactory regarding their total practices. Conclusion: the current study revealed that the majority of the studied laundry workers had health problems. Also illustrates that more than half of studied laundry workers in Governmental Hospitals had poor knowledge about occupational health hazards and the total practices levels of the studied laundry workers in Governmental Hospitals were unsatisfied. Recommendation: perform health education program for laundry workers about occupational health hazards and preventive measures.

Background: A healthy diet is one of the real modifiable factors in controlling high blood pressure. The trans theory model is the best known and applies to a variety of unhealthy behaviors such as: Hypertension, obesity, drug use, and smoking. Aim of the study: was conducted; to evaluate, the effect of application of trans-theoretical model; on diet behavior modification; among hypertensive employee; in electrical Company. Design: A quasi-experimental; design; was used. Setting: The study; was conducted; at Benha Electrical Company; in Benha City, Egypt. Sample: A purposive sample; of 70 hypertensive employee; in electrical company. Study instruments included; two tools ;used for; data collection. First: Structured interview questionnaire; concerned with socio-demographic; data and knowledge; of employees about hypertension, Diet behavior modification and Trans theoretical model (TTM). Second: Transtheoretical model of behavior changes questionnaire. Results: revealed that, 14.3 %; of studied sample; had good knowledge; pre TTM application; compare to 81.4%; of studied sample had good knowledge post TTM application for Diet behavior Knowledge. And none to 88.6% for TTM Knowledge Furthermore, there were; a highly. Significant; improvement; (p<0.000) in subtotal TTM levels. Post TTM application ' "satisfactory" responses were increased from a range of 28.6% pre TTM application, to 95.7% post TTM application. Besides, there was, high significant; positive correlation; between; total knowledge score and total score; of stages of diet behavior changes (r = 0.76, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Application of TTM for behavior modification to control hypertension in hypertensive employees was observed by decreasing blood pressure measurements and increasing employee self-efficacy experiences and behavior modification processes. However, it decreased after TTM application compared with TTM application. Recommendation: provide electrical company employees with web site for health information to improve their knowledge and diet behavior to control chronic diseases as hypertension