The annual groundwater recharge and discharge of aquifer of the Sapahar and Porsha Upazillas is estimated by Thiessen polygon method varies from 106.41 to 244 Mm 3 and 93.77 to 291 Mm 3 respectively. The calculated groundwater recharge of aquifer of the study area shows that the rate of groundwater recharge of aquifer in Porsha Upazilla is higher than that of Sapahar Upazilla and is characterized by very suitable groundwater storage potential. The overall groundwater balance study in the study area indicates that there exists a balance between annual recharge and withdrawal up to 1993 but after period of 1993 discharge exceeds the recharge continuing till today. But hereforth a cumulative annual deficit is found to exist because of progressive annual discharge in Sapahar Upazilla. 23.99 to 42.08 Mm 3 of groundwater is discharged by discharging mechanisms. The rest of groundwater is discharged by natural seepage.

Geo-electrical resistivity techniques have been employed in the High Barind as a reconnaissance investigation for the subsurface lithology. Out of 13 upazillas, comprising the Barind tract, Sapahar and Porsha Upazillas, situated in the High Barind are badly affected by water shortage. Vertical electrical soundings (VES) were executed using Schlumberger configuration in different areas taking the current electrode separation up to 170 meters. Direct method technique was employed to evaluate the geoelectric layer such as resistivity and thickness of the discrete layers. The results of the resistivity survey give the subsurface information consisting of three to four layers. The results of geo-electric sounding have been compared with the geological section wherever available.