Introduction Thyroid cancer is increasing in incidence globally due either to early detection (overestimation) or true increment. A recent debate concerns multinodular goitre (MNG) or toxic goitres which have classically been considered at a lower risk for cancer. Methods In this study, we enrolled retrospectively all patients with nodular goitre treated at our tertiary hospital and analysed their data with the aim of detecting the rate of cancer among different types of nodular goitre. We also studied predictors of incidental malignancy among thyroidectomies. Results A predilection for solitary thyroid nodules (STNs) was found in women of younger age, with STNs tending to be larger in comparison with MNG in the same age group. However, both types of nodules were at equal risk of harbouring malignancy. Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and Bethesda scores were the only dependent predictors of malignancy within thyroid nodules. Conclusion The authors recommend management of both STNs and MNG using the same algorithm.

Introduction: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains a serious health problem due to the poor outcome of different therapies. In Egypt, it is mainly attributed to an environmental origin with a high incidence in women and young adults. Aim of work: To identify risk factors of malignant pleural mesothelioma and to carry out survival analysis for malignant pleural mesothelioma patients attending outpatient clinic of Clinical Oncology department at Ain Shams University hospital. Materials and methods: Ninety cases with pathologically confirmed MPM attending the outpatient clinic of clinical oncology department at Ain Shams University hospital were interviewed. Patients in critical conditions who needed hospitalization or palliative treatment were excluded. Included patients were then followed up for two years starting from the date of diagnosis. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that living in industrial areas, household exposure to asbestos and history of smoking were significant risk factors of MPM. The mean survival duration of all cases was 24.49 months. Cox regression analysis revealed that factors predicting survival were age and gender. The difference in survival between patients treated with different treatment modalities was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Environmental and household exposure to asbestos as well as smoking play an important role in occurrence of MPM. Age and gender were significant predictors of survival of patients. Strict measures to reduce pollution and thus rates of MPM should be adopted in addition to community awareness of the possible risk factors and preventive measures. Moreover, development of a national record system is required to determine the true size and scope of this environmental problem in Egypt.

The study was done to assess the nutritional knowledge and nutrients intake among lactating women. The total sample size was 151 lactating women selected randomly from those attending the Breastfeeding clinic at the center for social and preventive medicine (CSPM). The results revealed that obesity was the dominant feature in 47.7% of cases, while overweight and normal weight constituted 26.5% and 25.8% respectively. The majority of the women had very good nutrition knowledge (77.5%), while 22.5% had a good knowledge. 76.2% women were at risk of hunger and 23.8 were food secure. Poor maternal dietary quality may have implications for both mother and child, and socioeconomic position and nutritional knowledge are likely to be important. Effective interventions to support mothers to achieve healthy diets for themselves and their families are needed. Lactation period is an opportunity to increase awareness of the mother toward healthy nutritional practices. Achievement and maintenance of good dietary habits is expected to duplicate the benefit of health outcomes when mothers become models for their children and their families. Nutrition education for mothers should be provided in the all health and PHC centers that deal with breastfeeding mothers. It also important to increase awareness of lactating mother's and educate them about the quality of diet through mass media.