Eighty six promising new barley genotypes and three checks including one indigenous cultivar (Hordeum vulgare L. var Rum) were grown in two successive seasons of 2005 and 2006 to assess the presence of variability for desired traits and amount of variation for different parameters. Genetic parameters, correlations, and partial regressions were estimated for all the traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among entries for all the characters. The estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were high for grain yield per plant, biological yield and number of kernels per main spike. Broad sense heritability estimates for various traits ranged from 68 to 99.7%. Grain yield per plant showed high significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlation with only number of kernels per main spike. Multiple correlations of characters (0.36), via. fertile tiller number and number of kernels per main spike which were significant with grain yield were far from the multiple correlation of all characters (0.96). The total variability calculated through multiple correlation in the population for yield improvement accounted by fertile tiller number and number of kernels per main spike was 36 % compared to 96 % accounted by all other characters. It was concluded that more fertile tiller number and number of kernels per main spike are major yield contributing factors in selecting high yielding barley cultivars.

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of twenty three promising wheat genotypes and one indigenous cultivar over two years for yield and quality characteristics in order to assess the presence of variability for desired traits and a significant amount of variation for different parameters. Genetic parameters, correlations, and partial regressions were estimated for all the traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. The estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were high for grain yield per plant, plant height, biological yield and kernel weight and number of kernel per main spike. Broad sense heritability (H 2 ) estimates for various traits ranged from 50-100%. Grain yield per plant showed highly significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlation with kernel weight, number of kernels per main spike and number of spikelet's per main spike. The total variability calculated through multiple correlation in the population for yield improvement accounted by fertile tiller number and kernel weight of main spike was 78.6% compared to 82.4% accounted by the all characters. It is concluded that more fertile tiller number and kernel weight of main spike are major yield contributing factors in selecting high yielding wheat cultivars.

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The current study was carried out during the two consecutive winter seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 at the Experimental Farm of Ash-Shoubak University College, Jordan, as a pot experiment. This experiment was planned to evaluate the impact of various soil salinity levels (1.17, 3.34, 6.51, and 9.68 ds/m) and amino acid types (control, L-tryptophan acid at 100 ppm, glutamine acid at 200 ppm, and L-tryptophan acid + glutamine acid) as well as their combinations on growth, salt resistance index, and some of the chemical constituents of rosemary plants. The obtained results indicated that plant height and the total herb dry weight of rosemary, the salt resistance index (SRI), and the total chlorophyll in leaves were discernably reduced with increasing soil salinity levels compared with the control. However, salinity enhanced leaf proline content. Each amino acid or its mixture improved plant growth, chlorophyll content, and SRI parameters. The SRI percentage of R. officinalis enhanced to more than 100% under a soil salinity level of 1.17 ds/m, combined with amino acids at any type, when compared with the other combination treatments. Furthermore, GC/MS showed that the identified compounds ranged from 98.39% to 99.18% and the unidentified compounds from 0.82% to 1.61% from the volatile oil of rosemary plants. The major constituents of volatile oil samples were camphor (34.95% to 40.21%), D-verbenone (13.74% to 15.23%), and α-pinene (13.21% to 16.73%).