Acts of terrorism are often associated with Islamic teachings, which lead to a bad stigma against Islam. Cases of terrorism in Indonesia occur almost every year, which the shocking case of terrorism is the Bali bombing which killed 202 foreigners. The research aimed to analyze the problems of Islamic fanaticism and terrorism in Indonesia from the perspective of Islamic criminal law. The research used descriptive analysis, with the type of normative juridical research. The approach was historical and conceptual. The study showed that acts of terrorism defending Islam cannot be justified because terrorism has political intentions. Islam is a religion of raḥmatan lil ‘Ālamīn which loves good and hates evil. The government’s efforts to mitigate acts of terrorism in Indonesia are by making preventive efforts in the form of legal protection for someone suspected of adhering to terrorist radicalism. Prevention efforts are intended for, national preparedness, counter-radicalization, deradicalization, and fostering religious insight. In addition, the efforts made are by giving the role of society and mass organizations to perform moral movements.

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Esophageal cancer has a notably high recurrence rate with a paucity of robust evidence in defining the optimal surveillance strategy. The surveillance protocol at our institution comprises of annual esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) from years 1 to 5 postoperatively. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the endoscopic surveillance at our center and ascertain the value of endoscopy in detecting local recurrence after esophagectomy. A retrospective cohort review of all patients (320 patients) who underwent esophagectomy between 2013 and 2018 was conducted. The local esophageal cancer database and corresponding OGD reports were accessed to obtain data on demographics, operation details, local recurrence, and endoscopy performed. 1086 OGDs were performed between 2014 and 2020, broadly categorized to surveillance and symptomatic OGDs; 555 and 531, respectively. Surveillance OGDs detected four asymptomatic local recurrences, of which only one was treated with curative intent. Symptomatic OGDs resulted in a higher yield for the detection of local recurrence compared with surveillance endoscopy; 5% versus 0.7%, with overall median time-to-recurrence of 11.5 months (95% confidence interval 9–17). Of local recurrences, 85.7% occurred within the first 2 years postoperatively. The proportion of endoscopic findings differed between intensive and ad hoc surveillance cohorts for strictures, esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and sloughing. Thirteen patients were diagnosed with histologically confirmed Barrett’s with no subsequent local recurrences. Surveillance endoscopy had a low positive yield rate with subsequent minimal survival benefits. Therefore, it is prudent to consider an alternative protocol that focuses on the period with the highest risk of recurrence and symptom presentation.