No abstract

Air pollution from motor vehicle exhaust emissions is increasing, so it is necessary to attempt to control its exhaust emissions. Given the dangers of exhaust emissions, efforts need to be made to control and reduce air pollution so that negative impacts on people and the environment can be reduced. One engineering technology as a manifestation of vehicle emission control is engineering and modification of the exhaust gas channel. Engineering and modification are expected to be able to make a tool that will be able and function to reduce the danger of exhaust gases. The researcher will conduct experiments and manufacture of tools and initial testing on one motorized vehicle to see and observe the composition of the exhaust gas produced from the exhaust. The elements to be observed are CO values, HC values, and CO2 values as comparative data. The tool that will be used to observe and see these elements is the Gas Analyzer tool. This tool is one instrument that is useful for measuring the portion and composition of a combined gas. From the results of testing and analysis obtained data on the exhaust emission test with an average engine speed of 500 rpm, and with the temperature of the exhaust tube 40 °C to 45 °C. After testing the standard exhaust model, then testing the engineering exhaust model which added 50 gr, 70 gr, and 90 gr scrap of stainless steel obtained the best conclusion to reduce and reduce the danger of exhaust emissions is engineered exhaust which added 70 g scrap of stainless steel and when compared to a standard exhaust, CO elements dropped to 71.09% and HC elements dropped to 48.26% and CO2 elements dropped to 66.35%.

The application of a catalytic converter is believed to be able to accelerate the process of chemical reaction in vehicle exhaust gas. This will have an impact on reducing the high rate of air pollution from motorcycles exhaust gases. This study will compare the exhaust emission value of the standard exhaust muffler with the exhaust that has been installed catalytic converter. Catalytic converter which is made from copper with honeycomb surfaces. The motorcycle used with an engine capacity of 125 CC. Testing is done based on three different engine rotation that is 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm, and 4000 rpm. The result, at 4000 rpm engine speed decrease CO emission level of 1.76%, HC of 73 ppm and CO2 of 1.7%.

The water turbine is a device that converts water flow energy into shaft mechanical energy. Before being converted into mechanical energy in the turbine, the potential energy needs to be converted into kinetic energy first. The vortex will move the turbine blades which cause the runner to rotate so that there is a change in the kinetic energy of the water into mechanical energy in the turbine which is used to drive the generator and then into electrical energy. The purpose of this research is to analyze the torque that occurs on the shaft and turbine power. Water is flowed to the test with a pump through a control valve. The water flow is read by a rotameter attached to the pipe to the upper reservoir, while the torque is measured using a load cell, while the rotation is measured using a photo sensor interrupt to read the movement of the counter wheel. Data from load cell and photo sensor interruptor is read using Arduino Uno then the data is stored on laptop in excel file using plx-daq software. The minimum torque for the 8 blades is 9,12 kg.mm and 7.61 kg.mm for 6 blades at a water flow rate of 90 l / min. The maximum torque occurs at the 8 blades of 10.06 kg.mm while the maximum torque at blade 6 is 9,12 kg.mm at the same water flow rate of 150 l / min. The minimum turbine power for the 8 blades is 0.47 W and 0.27 W for the 6 blades at a water flow rate of 90 l / min. The maximum turbine power at blade 8 is 1.03 W, while the maximum power at blade 6 is 0.91 W at the same water flow rate of 150 l / min. From the data analysis, it can be seen that the power for the turbine with the number of blades 8 tends to be greater than the power for the turbine with 6 blades, but if the percentage increases in power between the 8 blades and 6 blades the trend decreases even though the flow rate is increasing.