The interaction between language and motor action has been approached by studying the effect of action verbs, kinaesthetic imagery and mental subtraction upon the performance of a complex movement, the squat vertical jump (SVJ). The time of flight gave the value of the height of the SVJ and was measured with an Optojump® and a Myotest® apparatuses. The results obtained by the effects of the cognitive stimuli showed a statistically significant improvement of the SVJ performance after either loudly or silently pronouncing, hearing or reading the verb saute (jump in French language). Action verbs specific for other motor actions (pince = pinch, lèche = lick) or non-specific (bouge = move) showed no or little effect. A meaningless verb for the French subjects (tiáo = jump in Chinese) showed no effect as did rêve (dream), tombe (fall) and stop. The verb gagne (win) improved significantly the SVJ height, as did its antonym perds (lose) suggesting a possible influence of affects in the subjects’ performance. The effect of the specific action verb jump upon the heights of SVJ was similar to that obtained after kinaesthetic imagery and after mental subtraction of two digits numbers from three digits ones; possibly, in the latter, because of the intervention of language in calculus. It appears that the effects of the specific action verb jump did seem effective but not totally exclusive for the enhancement of the SVJ performance. The results imply an interaction among language and motor brain areas in the performance of a complex movement resulting in a clear specificity of the corresponding action verb. The effect upon performance may probably be influenced by the subjects’ intention, increased attention and emotion produced by cognitive stimuli among which action verbs.

We conclude that the prototype wheelchair is highly acceptable and comfortable and can be recommended to disabled sportspersons. The prototype's weak points are mainly related to ergonomic aspects, which could be improved in future models.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of low intensity Modified Hölmich Protocol (MHP) for long-standing groin pain on pain, and return to sport. Place and duration: Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Lebanese football club clinic from March 2021 till September 2021. Methods: Ten male soccer (age= 24±4.8 yrs.) with adductor longus related groin pain underwent 10-weeks of Low intensity MHP. Results: All outcome measures, except SEBT, improved significantly(p<0.05) in all participants at week 10 as in pain, BKFO, and return-to-sport, muscle strength. Conclusions: Ten-week of low intensity Modified Hölmich Protocol were sufficient to induce significant improvements in all clinical measures with all participants in our study. Keywords: Modified Hölmich Protocol, Long-standing Groin pain, Low Intensity.

Wheelchair propulsion has been reported to be responsible for musculoskeletal pain in the upper extremities. Epidemiological studies have shown a high prevalence of shoulder complaints in paraplegic and quadriplegic spinal cord injured (SCI) people. It has been argued that the high incidence of shoulder complaints in SCI was the result of the weight-bearing or propulsion function of the upper extremity in those subjects. This work aimed at proposing an alternative wheelchair propulsion technique based on the levers' system. The interface prototype-users, the wheelchair skills evaluation, the oxygen uptake and the cardiac frequency are investigated by an objective and subjective studies. Our prototype is designed to be an attempt in the field of disabled athletes having some advantages of a non-conventional manual wheelchair propulsion technique, avoiding complications induced by the conventional one.