<p>Analysis of brain signals and their properties provides valuable information regarding the underlying neural deficiencies and enables the diagnosis of attention bias related to public speaking anxiety (PSA). Although 25% people around the world suffer from PSA, currently, there exists a lack of standard assessment in diagnosing the severity of attention bias in individuals with PSA. This study aims to distinguish behavioral and neural abnormalities related to attentional bias during PSA by comparing reaction time (RT) and event-related potential (ERP) correlates of high (H) PSA and low (L) PSA individuals. 12 individuals suffering from HPSA and 12 individuals with LPSA participated in the modified emotional Stroop experiment. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded with the low cost, 14-channel Emotiv Epoc+. RT showed slower responses, linked to attentional deficits in HPSA individuals. ERP results revealed the P200 emotional Stroop biomarker, found to be linked to attentional bias in HPSA, but not in LPSA individuals. These results revealed significant RT and P200 ERP abnormalities related to attentional bias in HPSA individuals using the low-cost Emotiv Epoc+.</p>

Previously, the antenna conductive patch was made of copper, which was costly, susceptible to multi-fading, bulky, environmentally sensitive, and difficult to produce. Because of their exceptional electrical conductivity and superior strength to metal, while remaining versatile, the miracle nanotechnology of graphene has made them a possible candidate to replace uncompromising copper metallic content. As a result, graphene is incorporated into conductive silver nanocomposites in this work. With the microstrip feeding technology, the suggested antenna design features a logo-shaped made of graphene and silver patch on a textile substrate and radiates at 2.45 GHz frequency. The antenna's total dimensions are 60×60×1.6 mm. The simulation results were generated using computer simulation technology (CST) studio suite program software, which improved antenna properties including far-fields, return loss, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Wearable antennas are promising and have a bright future, especially with the advent of wireless communication technologies, so this new design is essential for the materials revolution in advanced communication and IR4.0 applications, as well as wireless sensor applications.

This study used reaction time (RT) and event-related potential (ERP) analysis in an emotion-cognition Eriksen-Flanker (ECEF) task to investigate behavioral and neural abnormalities in individuals with public speaking anxiety (PSA). Although 25 per cent of people worldwide suffer from PSA, there is currently a lack of standardized assessment or biomarkers to detect emotion-cognition abnormalities in individuals with PSA. RT and ERP were compared between 12 subjects with high (H) PSA and 12 subjects with low (L) PSA in the ECEF experiment. EEG was recorded with the 14-channel Emotiv EPOC+. RT data showed a significant Flanker Effect across groups in the neutral and emotional (PSA-related) conditions, with increased Flanker effect in the HPSA group. On average, LPSA subjects were faster than the HPSA subjects in the ECEF task. HPSA subjects showed aberrant ERP responses in two ways. Firstly in the reversed N200 conflict effect with increased frontocentral amplitude in the incongruent compared to the congruent condition. Secondly, in the absence of the P200 frontocentral emotional modulation found in LPSA subjects. In the HPSA group, decreased P200 amplitude is significantly related to impaired behavioral performance in the neutral congruent condition. RT and ERP are useful in modern medicine because they successfully unveiled the biomarkers of abnormalities during the interaction of emotion and cognition. Impaired conflict processing in PSA-related condi- tions was found at the N200 and P200 windows in HPSA individuals.

Objective To determine if individuals referred for Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) differential diagnosis, who do and do not fail performance validity tests (PVTs) present themselves differently on self-report measures of executive functioning (Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function; BRIEF) and ADHD (Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales; CAARS). Method A convenience sample of 83 adults referred to an outpatient neuropsychology private practice for neuropsychological assessment for ADHD was collected. MANOVA was performed comparing individuals who passed PVTs (Word Memory Test or WAIS-IV Reliable Digit Span) to individuals who failed PVTs on the Behavioral Regulation Index and Metacognitive Index of the BREIF and Inattention/Memory Problems, Hyperactivity/Restlessness, Impulsivity/Emotional Lability, Problems with Self-Concept, DSM-IV Inattentive Symptoms, DSM-IV Hyperactive-Impulsive Symptoms of the CAARS. Results All statistical comparisons were non-significant at the p = < .05. Conclusions Individuals who fail PVTs are indistinguishable from individuals who pass PVTs on the BRIEF and the CAARS. This is consistent with past research suggesting that validity of self-report cannot be inferred from performance validity testing (Van Dyke, Millis, Axelrod, & Hanks, 2013; Bush, et al., 2005). Also, this data highlights the importance of self-report measures containing their own validated measures of symptom validity.