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Disposal of industrial mosaic sludge waste into landfills has become serious threat to the global environment due to the huge generation of waste every year. Nevertheless, a relevant alternative solution could be develop as recently rapid growing interest are focusing on the usage of wastes material into the manufacturing of fired clay. Furthermore, previous research has successfully incorporated different types of sludge into the fired clay brick. Therefore, this study is focusing on the potential of incorporating two types of mosaic sludge in terms of properties and indoor air quality (IAQ) performance. Different percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%) of mosaic sludge waste were incorporated into fired clay brick. In terms of strength, 30% of sludge waste show higher strength of brick. In terms of IAQ, all the results of both sludge waste were compiled with the standard requirement. From this study, it shows that mosaic sludge that incorporated with fired clay brick is safe to be used towards the environment since it is complied with ICOP-IAQ. In addition, this study may help to create an alternative method to dispose the sludge waste as well as to provide another low cost material for the clay brick.

Abstract. The amount of sludge wastes from industrial, mining, domestic agriculture activities are about 60200 tons per year. The increasing of the waste will have significant impact towards environment and energy conservation. Many attempts have been made to incorporate sludge waste into brick for example fly ash sludge, sewage sludge, water sludge and ceramic sludge and advantages on the properties have been found but heavy metals leachibility will be the main concerned. Therefore, sludge waste is a potential alternative to convert into useful products as a building material that can alleviate the disposal problems. Therefore, in this study the characteristics of heavy metals were determined by using XRF. Four different mixing ratios of mosaic sludge waste at (0o/o, lyo,5oh, and 10%) were incorporated into fired clay brick. Each brick was fired in a heat controlled fumace at elevated temperatures of 1050C. The characteristic of heavy metals from the sludge waste were determined by XRF and the result show that the sludge waste is high in iron (Fe) and Zicronium (Zr) followed by Barium (Br), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) andZinc (Zn). The leachability of heavy metals from the manufactured mosaic sludge brick were determined by using toxicity characteristic leachibility procedure (TCLP) and the results demonstrated that the culprit heavy metals were all complied to USEPA(1996) and EPAV(2005a).

Mosaic sludge is sewerage from mosaic industrial activities such as cutting, polishing and grinding. This sludge mostly will be disposed directly to landfill and some of it was discharged in drainage system without proper treatment. Therefore, in this study, mosaic sludge from the mosaic industry were reused and incorporated into fired clay brick in order to provide alternative disposal method, producing adequate quality of brick as well as minimizing the heavy metal leachability to the environment. First, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was conducted to determine the heavy metal concentration from two types of mosaic sludge. The results indicate that the highest element concentration in mosaic sludge (BS and PS) shows that Barium is the highest with 3253ppm and 3260ppm. On the raw sludge, the lowest obtained in BS and PS is Cesium with 14ppm and 17ppm. SPLP and TCLP also conducted in this study and the results show that, even though the element such as ferum (Fe) and cadmium (Cd) was not detected in XRF but in SPLP and TCLP, it shows that these two elements exist in clay, BS and PS with low concentration. In term of properties, compressive strength was conducted by incorporating 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% bodymill and polishing sludge into fired clay brick. The results show that compressive strength of BS brick was stronger than PS brick. Lastly, Static Leachate Test (SLT) was conducted to measure the long term leachability of heavy metals from different percentages of mosaic sludge brick. In SLT result, ferum (Fe) shows the highest value of heavy metal concentration among other elements. The results for control brick, BS brick and PS brick show the same pattern and far from the limit set by USEPA.