The concept of 'fibro-osseous lesions' of bone has evolved over the last several decades and now includes two major entities: fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma, as well as the other less common lesions such as florid osseous dysplasia, periapical dysplasia, focal sclerosing osteomyelitis, proliferative periostitis of garrie, and ostitis deformans. The cemento-ossifying fibroma is a central neoplasm of bone as well as periodontium which has caused considerable controversy because of confusion regarding terminology and the criteria for its diagnosis. The cemento-ossifying fibroma is odontogenic in origin, whereas ossifying fibroma is of bony origin. This article reports a rare case of an 11-year-old male who came to us with the history of swelling in the maxillary anterior region causing difficulty in closing of mouth as well as in mastication.

Changes in the cation balance cause hydration and initiate the process of lens opacification. Such alterations were studied in human cataractous lenses and during the development of alloxan-induced diabetic cataract in rats by biochemical and histochemical techniques. The development of alloxan-induced cataract in rats was examined in vivo which showed cortical opacities beginning after 32 days. These opacities did progress to maturity after 64 days and finally the lenses were completely opacified after 96 days of alloxan treatment. The histochemical localization of sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase using three different methods provided information on the possible role of this enzyme in normal and cataractous lenses. In human cataractous lenses, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity was found to be considerably decreased, whereas no activity of this enzyme was localized in human diabetic cataractous lenses. An animal model provided evidence that an apparent decrease of sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase may be involved in the initiation of alloxan-induced diabetic cataract in rats.

Malignant myoepithelioma of the breast is a rare lesion characterized by the malignant proliferation of the epithelial and myoepithelial cells that exhibit characteristic histological and immuno-histochemical features. Very few cases have been reported in literature. We report a case of a 64-year-old female with a palpable lump in the upper outer quadrant of her right breast, present for a number of years. She underwent lumpectomy under local anesthesia. Upon histological confirmation of the diagnosis of malignant myoepithelioma, the patient underwent wide local excision with sentinel node mapping. Malignancy was evident by extensive central infarction. The tumour was completely triple negative, i.e. Estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative. The patient also underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The patient remains well with no recurrence 7 years since her initial surgery. The authors believe, that due to the paucity of these rare tumours, optimal treatment strategies remain to be determined.

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