Background Cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement of the ulnar nerve in the adult population by using ultrasonography (US) at elbow extension and flexion has previously been reported, but not much evidence showed a significant difference between elbow extension and flexion position. Purpose To compare the ulnar nerve CSA between elbow extension and flexion position. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted by involving 36 healthy adults with normally functioning ulnar nerve proven by Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) or Electroneurography. The ulnar nerve CSA was measured on each elbow by using US at the level of the medial epicondyle, 2 cm distal and 2 cm proximal from the medial epicondyle. Results The average ulnar nerve CSA at the medial epicondyle, 2 cm distal and proximal to the medial epicondyle at elbow extension respectively were 5.95 ± 0.74 mm2, 6.27 ± 0.92 mm2, and 5.92 ± 0.73 mm2. At elbow flexion, the average ulnar nerve CSA at the positions was 5.70 ± 0.83 mm2, 5.23 ± 0.87 mm2, dan 5.73 ± 0.71 mm2 respectively. The CSA of the ulnar nerve at elbow extension was significantly larger compared to the flexion position in the three areas observed in this study (p < 0.001). Conclusion The CSA of the ulnar nerve at elbow extension position was larger compared to the flexion position. Elbow position should be considered in measuring CSA of the ulnar nerve.
Pendahuluan: Antibodi reseptor asetilkolin (anti-AChR) merupakan antibodi utama dalam patogenesis penyakit miastenia gravis (MG). Pemeriksaan antibodi ini merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan penting dalam menegakkan diagnosa. Gambaran klinis MG dapat terbagi menjadi MG okular, MG generalisata dan MG bulbar. Tiap individu dapat memiliki derajat keparahan yang berbeda yang dinilai berdasarkan MG composite score (MG-cs). Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan kadar anti-AChR dengan derajat keparahan penyakit MG berdasarkan MG-cs di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang melibatkan pasien MG di RSCM pada bulan Januari 2017- November 2017. Kriteria inklusi subjek ialah pasien yang telah didiagnosa MG berusia 18-75 tahun. Pemeriksaan kadar anti-AChR dengan metode ELISA. Penilaian MG-cs dilakukan bersamaan dengan pengambilan sampel darah. Hasil: Didapatkan 72 subjek yang sesuai kriteria inklusi. Rerata usia subjek adalah 43 tahun (SD 12,56) dengan jenis kelamin perempuan lebih banyak (2,5:1). Gejala okular merupakan gejala terbanyak saat awitan (79,2%) dan early onset MG lebih banyak ditemukan (77,8%). Sebanyak 59,7% subjek memiliki seropositif anti-AChR. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna seropositifitas anti-AChR pada kelompok berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia awitan, tipe MG, dan pemberian terapi imunosupresan. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara kadar anti-AChR dengan MG-cs (p=0,727). Diskusi: Kadar anti-AChR tidak berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan penyakit MG. Kata kunci: Antibodi reseptor asetilkolin, derajat keparahan MG, MG-cs
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