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Objectives: To verify the usability of social media like WhatsApp in delivering knowledge to 4th year and Final year MBBS students and to compare the improvement of knowledge gain through e-learning and didactic lecture. Concurrently, perception of students about e-learning via WhatsApp will also be gathered. Study Design: Prospective Analytical Interventional study. Setting: Department of Medical Education of Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: 01.01.2020 to 31.03.2020. Material & Methods: On 4th year and Final year MBBS students two Whatsapp group were made, one for each class. Then the students were taught different topics by WhatsApp. Assessment of knowledge of e-learning through WhatsApp was done by feedback form. Results: The results revealed that technical, educational and instructional advantages of teaching learning activity via WhatsApp out pars disadvantages. Increase in interaction with peers and getting a fair chance to participate in group discussion were top two educational benefits of learning through WhatsApp with 64.10% and 62.80% students agreeing to it. A majority of the students (89.8%) agreed to the facts that the availability of smart phones was not an issue for them and they are very comfortable in using Whatsapp as e learning tool (61.6%). on the other hand 29.5 % of the students were disagreed with the fact that they are getting more chances in clearing their concepts on Whatsapp. Conclusion: Increase in interaction with the peers and getting more chance to discuss a particular topic with group has made WhatsApp a new and convenient tool for teaching/learning activity. Students also found Whatsapp as less time consuming as compared to conventional lectures. A few disadvantages, like lesser chance of clearing the concepts on Whatsapp can be overruled by making small groups and using mobiles with bigger screen.

Purpose:  To verify the usability of the sliding scale in the management of allergic conjunctivitis. Study Design:  Quasi-Experimental. Place and Duration of Study:  District Headquarter Teaching Hospital/Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal, from January 2016 to December 2019. Methods:  A sliding scale was developed and used to score the severity of the ocular allergy. Patients were instructed to use the sliding scale to adjust the treatment regimen and follow-up at regular intervals. At baseline and at third follow-up visit, sliding scale score and use of drug regimens were noted. At third follow-up visit patient’s satisfaction and disease control were documented. Results:  There were 398 patients. Mean age of Patients was 29.45 ± 18.77 years. At baseline, 62.8% of patients were using topical steroids while at third follow-up visit only 5% of patients were using topical steroids. Mean interval of patients’ visit to the hospital was 8.53 ± 1.44 weeks. Nonparametric Mann Whitney test was used to calculate the difference in means of sliding scale scores at baseline (4.49 ± 2.39) and third follow-up visit (1.03 ± 1.68). Z score value was -16.917 and significance was 0.000.For patient’s satisfaction at third follow-up visit Chi-square value was 263.759 with significance value of 0.000. For disease control at third follow-up visit chi-square value was 223.123 with significance value of 0.000. Conclusion:  Use of sliding scale in the management of allergic conjunctivitis was well accepted by the patients. It helped in disease control with minimal use of topical steroids and less frequent visits to the hospital. Key Words:  Allergic Conjunctivitis, Steroids, Trantas dots.

Objective: E-learning is a growing need of modern day education generally and of medical universities particularly. This study is targeted to compare and assess different perceptions of the faculty and the students towards e-learning at a public sector medical college. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medical Education, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal. Period: 1st May 2020 to 31st May 2020. Material & Methods: The questionnaire was sent to all the participants by Whatsapp because of COVID-19 pandemic. MBBS students of 4th year and final year MBBS and all the faculty members of clinical and basic medical sciences were included in the study. The participants had to choose among options of ‘agreed, neutral and disagreed‘. Results: The response rate of faculty members was 91.66% and that of undergraduate students was 91%. Among faculty members, 34 (51.50%) were males while 32 (48.50%) were females. Female students were having majority of participation (60.40%). Most of the faculty and students were disagreed with the fact that ‘E-learning is a suitable means of education for students in Pakistan’. Though there was an overwhelming agreement of students (80%) and staff (88%) with agreement on the point that ‘information and communication technologies (ICT) play an effective role in promoting education’. Fifty three percent of students and 67% of the faculty members agreed that ‘E-learning systems can fulfill the challenging needs of present times’. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there are some reservations of both students and the faculty regarding usage of e-learning over traditional learning at public sector medical college. In our study while comparing, the majority of both the groups were having almost same opinions related to implementation of e-learning methodology.

Purpose:  To determine the effect of fasting on intraocular pressure in fasting individuals. Study Design:  Cross sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study:  District Headquarter Teaching Hospital/Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal, from April 2020 to May 2020. Methods:  Four hundred eyes of two hundred healthy fasting subjects were included in this study. Intraocular pressure was measured one week before and during the second week of Ramadan. t-test was used to calculate the difference of means of intraocular pressure one week before and during the second week of Ramadan. Results:  Mean age of the subjects was 34.56 ± 12.52 years. IOP in male subjects before and during Ramadan was 14.23 mmHg and 13.20 mmHg respectively, while IOP in female subjects before and during Ramadan was 14.43 mmHg and 13.20 mmHg respectively. Before Ramadan mean intraocular pressure in the right eye was 14.38 ± 3.00 mmHg and in the left eye was 14.21 ± 2.79 mmHg. During Ramadan mean intraocular pressure in the right eye was 13.24 ± 2.87 mmHg and in the left eye was 13.15 ± 2.71 mmHg. t-test indicated that the difference in means of intraocular pressure for right eye one week before and during the second week of Ramadan was 25.74 (p = 0.000). Similarly, the difference in means of intraocular pressure for left eye one week before and during the second week of Ramadan was 41.54 (p = 0.000). Conclusion:  Fasting results in a decrease in intraocular pressure in normal population. There was no difference in intraocular pressure changes between male and female subjects. Intraocular Pressure was higher in older age group in both genders. Key Words:  Intraocular Pressure, Tonometry, Glaucoma.