No abstract

Antioxidants were used to prevent oxidation process in foods which lead to rancidity and browning, DNA oxidation and have many positive physiological effects in human. The concentration and the absorption mechanism of natural antioxidants are important in obtaining the maximum beneficial effect. The sources of antioxidants must be carefully considered to maximize absorption and avoid the toxicity of higher concentration of synthetic groups. A general lack of information about antioxidants indicates by a survey of the general public. An organized effort to educate individuals about foods rich in natural antioxidants and the ability to recognize the major synthetic antioxidants on food labels would be highly beneficial, though more research needs to be done to fully understand their physiological effects.

The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Suaeda monoica was successively fractionated using petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The GC-MS analysis of dichloromethane fraction has resulted in the identification of 24 non-polar compounds. N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecanamine (19.13%), methyl (Z)-9-oleate (18.1%) and 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl)phenol (12.14%) were the major components and fatty acids methyl esters represented the major class of this nonpolar components. Phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate and methanol fractions led to isolation and identification of seven known compounds identified as pyrogallol, ferulic acid, luteolin, (+)-catechien, gallic acid, naringin and naringenin. Dichloromethane, ethyl aetate and methanol fractions exhibited weak to moderate antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical scavenging method. Ethyl acetate and methanol fractions showed no antifungal activity and weak to good antibacterial activity by diffusion agar technique, while the dichloromethane showed potent activity against all the tested strains. Different fractions revealed weak lipase inhibitory effect.

The genus Celosia is a member of edible and ornamental plants of the family Amaranthaceae. It comprises about 65 species distributed in tropical and warm regions of the world (1, 2). Two species are grown in Saudi Arabia, including C. trigyna L., and C. polystachya Forssk (3, 4). Some plants of this genus exhibit pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, tonic, immune-stimulatory, antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporosis, antiulcer, hypolipidemic, diuretic, larvicidal, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and analgesic activity (5). C. trigyna is an annual erect herb commonly called silver spinach, distributed in tropical Africa and grows in southwestern mountainous region in Saudi Arabia. The leaves and flowers of C. trigyna are used for the treatment of diarrhea and excessive menstruation. The fresh leaves are taken for heart complaints and applied locally to boils and skin diseases (6). C. trigyna justify its inclusion in traditional recipes for the treatment of cancer in some studies as it has shown a potential cytotoxic activity (7). Some pharmacological studies revealed that C. trigyna has analgesic and antioxidant activity (8, 9). The previous phytochemical investigation of the plants from the genus Celosia have led to the isolation of diverse chemicals, including flavonoids

High-purity naringin was isolated from the fruit peels of Citrus maxima and characterized by various spectroscopic methods like UV and NMR. The isolated compound ligand (HL) was used as ligand-metal complexes synthesis after using Ag (I), Y (III) and Ru (III) metals. These ligand-metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–VIS, TGA, molar conductance and magnetic properties. Cytotoxic activity of the isolated naringin and its metal complexes were investigated against two human cancer cell lines namely, white breast Adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and Lung carcinoma (A549) using cell viability assay. Transition metal increased the cytotoxic activity of naringin when they were conjugated. LC50 of Ag ligand complex demonstrated strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and A549 cell line that was found higher active more than three and four times the strength, respectively when compared to LC50 of Adriamycin. While LC50 of Adriamycin compound was slightly more active only about 30% and twice the strength of the Ru ligand complex against MCF-7 and A549 cell line, respectively.