The nutritional factors and characteristics of sesame (Sesame indicum L.) seeds and extracted oil of six genotypes: G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 cultivated in Upper Egypt were subjected to comparative evaluation with control (G1), for its genetic diversity, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity and oil oxidative stability (Rancimat test). Estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation revealed high value in seed yield. For heritability estimates, the data showed that four traits out of eight recorded the highest heritability values over of 90%. These traits were oil yield (99.56%), seed yield (98.83%), plant height (96.33%) and seed index (90.03%). Sesame seeds have a high oil content (39.56 to 54.64 g/100g dry weight). The fatty acid profile was varied among the genotypes, in particular oleic acid (37.15 to 46.61%) and linoleic acid (37.49 to 44.33%). Results indicated that G4 has significantly higher in most agricultural traits as well as seed yield, while the G5 was the highest in oil yield and has significantly higher oxidative stability (26.57 h) among the genotypes.

Nowadays, there is a call for the reduction of the environmental pollution resulted from over application of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, study has been done to investigate the possibility and efficiency of using bio-fertilizers. Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive summer growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 at El-Mattana, Agriculture Research Station (latitude of 25 o 17′ N and longitude 32 o 33′ E), Luxor Governorate, Egypt to evaluate the influence of two sesame varieties (Sohag 1 and Shandaweel-3) and eight different fertilizers treatments: 0, 50, 75, 100% of recommended nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), bio-fertilizers, 50% NPK + bio, 75% NPK+ bio and 100% NPK + bio on sesame yield. Treatments were carried out as Split Plot Design with three replicates, varieties in the main plots and fertilization treatments in the sub plots. The results could be summarized as follows: Shandaweel-3 variety surpassed Sohag-1 variety in all studied characters. Except umber of capsules/plants, length of fruiting area, harvest index, oil yield, K uptake in seed and NK uptake in straw. The addition of 100% mineral recommended dose of NPK + Bio fertilizer resulted in a significant increment in sesame yield and its components in both seasons. The highest oil yield and content of N and P were obtained from Shandaweel-3 with fertilization at 75% NPK+ Bio-fertilization treatment. The results showed the importance of using bio-fertilizers to protect the soil and the environment from harmful chemical pollution.