Cervical spondylosis is a term that encompasses a wide range of progressive degenerative changes that affect all components of the cervical spine (i.e., intervertebral discs, facet joints, Luschka joints, flava ligaments, and laminae). It is a natural aging process and occurs in most people after the age of five. Most people with radiographic spondylotic changes in the cervical spine  remain asymptomatic, and 25% of those under  40, 50% of those over  40, and 85% of those over  60 show some evidence of degenerative changes , including changes in  the environment. Uncovertebral joints, facet joints, posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and yellow ligament lead to  narrowing of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramina. As a result, the spinal cord, spinal vasculature, and nerve roots can become compressed, leading to the three clinical syndromes that occur with cervical spondylosis: axial neck pain, cervical myelopathy, and cervical radiculopathy. Cervical spondylosis is usually diagnosed for clinical reasons only, but imaging is also required. Treatment for cervical spondylosis can be medical or surgical, depending on whether the patient has symptoms of myelopathy, radicular pain, or neck pain.

Fibromyalgia is a debilitating condition that is frequently misdiagnosed. It affects 2% of the population, with middle-aged women having the highest frequency. Fibromyalgia affects more women than men, and It becomes worse as you get older. Because medical treatment for fibromyalgia is typically only partial, health professionals must provide patients with ongoing assistance in order for them to become effective, active self-managers. There is no one-size-fits-all drug for fibromyalgia, but you do have a lot of options for treating your symptoms. However, Antidepressants in general such as “duloxetine” and Gabapentinoids drugs such as “pregabline” are the most used drugs. There is some evidence that NSAIDs may have a synergistic effect when combined with centrally active agents such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants. Among non-pharmacological therapy, exercise and psychoeducational techniques have the most evidence of efficacy, but they must be personalized to the individual. In this review we will be looking at diagnosis and treatment of fibromyalgia.

Back pain of different etiology is a common encountered symptoms in daily practice. Several factors were associated with the development of degenerative disease (DDD) of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The intervertebral disc, usually asymptomatic but once became symptomatic it will be presented as a low back pain with is consider the main complain among the patient with IVD.  Both genetic  as well as environmental factors lead to progressive redaction in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition which resulted overtime in weak IVD. Clinically back pain divided into two main categories: Inflammatory versus mechanical back pain,   DDD typically present with mechanical type lower back pain. In patient with compatible history and physical exam findings, diagnosis of DDD can be confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or provocative discography. The DDD can be manage with several treatment strategies such as conservative therapy which aim to relief the pain, on the other hand, surgical approach which aim to definitely treat the DDD. The current study aims to provide a brief review about degenerative disc diseases.