Introduction: Numerous factors, including age, gender, physical inactivity, insufficient dose, noncompliance, and drug-drug interactions, may contribute to significant intraindividual variation in metformin (MET) response. This study aims to determine the effect of Met dose and treatment duration on adiposity markers and serum leptin levels in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Between October 2021 and March 2022, a cross-sectional study at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Baghdad included 150 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with a disease duration of more than 1 year. Clinical and physical examinations were conducted before enrollment. We measured anthropometric variables such as body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and visceral adiposity index. We evaluated glycated hemoglobin, leptin, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides (TGs) in the serum. Results: Only the TC/HDL-c and TG/HDL-c ratios were significantly different after the data were arranged according to glycemic control level. Arrangement for MET doses and treatment duration, none of the evaluated parameters were significantly different (p > 0.05) between groups receiving different doses of MET for different durations, except visceral adiposity index (VAI), which shows a very slight decrease (p = 0.046) after more than 10 years of treatment. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a weak and significant association between waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference and MET doses, and a weak and significant association between WC, VAI, and TG levels and treatment duration. The other markers lacked a significant relationship with MET doses or duration of treatment. Conclusion: MET dose and duration of treatment were not significantly correlated with adiposity and lipid profiles in Iraqi patients with T2DM.

Numerous variables, including age, gender, physical inactivity, inadequate dose, noncompliance, and drug-drug interactions, may lead to substantial intraindividual variability in metformin (Met) response. This study aimed to determine how dosages and duration of metformin affected glycemic control and insulin levels in Iraqi patients with T2DM. A total of 153 T2DM patients with a disease duration of more than one year participated in a cross-sectional study at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Baghdad from October 2021 to March 2022. As part of the study method, the patients were evaluated clinically and physically, and their body weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FSG), insulin, creatinine, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated. After data correction for Met doses and length of treatment, FSG, HbA1c, insulin, creatinine, and CRP levels were not substantially different (P > 0.05) among groups taking different doses of Met for different periods. According to Pearson's correlation analysis, there was no significant relationship between Met doses and treatment duration and glycemic control or insulin levels. In conclusion, Met dose and treatment duration were not significantly correlated to glycemic control or serum insulin levels, which could be attributed to other factors.

Background: Numerous factors, including metformin doses and treatment adherence, may contribute to significant variations in glycemic control and adiposity markers of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Objectives : This study aims to determine the influence of metformin dose and treatment adherence on glycemic control and adiposity markers in Iraqi patients with T2DM. Methods: Between October 2021 and March 2022, a case-series study at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center – Baghdad included 153 T2DM patients with a disease duration of more than one year. Clinical and physical examinations were conducted before enrolment. We measured anthropometric variables to calculate the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and other surrogate indicators. We measured glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, HDL-c, and triglycerides in the serum. Results: Increasing metformin doses did not improve the studied parameters. Adherence to treatment significantly influences fasting glycemia, HbA1c level, and the markers of adiposity. Meanwhile, increasing metformin doses is not associated with changes in insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk markers. Conclusion: Beyond metformin dose up-titration, treatment adherence affects glycemic control, visceral adiposity, and CVD risk surrogates. Metformin dose up-titration was not linked to insulin resistance and body fat contents.