In summary, our results indicate that airway management using FRLMA during controlled hypotension anesthesia provided better surgical conditions in terms of quality of operative field and blood loss and allowed for convenient induced hypotension with low doses of remifentanil during TIVA in patients undergoing FESS.

Background Thoracic paravertebral block may be used for analgesia after breast surgery. Ultrasound can be used during the whole technique of paravertebral block to increase success rate and decrease its complications. As well, pectoral nerve block is now used for pain relief after modified radical mastectomy with or without axillary clearance. Objective To compare thoracic paravertebral block and pectoral nerve block for postoperative analgesia after modified radical mastectomy Methods The study was performed over 30 female patients that were randomly divided into 2 groups with 15 patients in group A for thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) and 15 in group B for pectoral nerve block (PECS) with injection of total 20 ml bupivacaine 0.25% in each block. Outcome measures of the study are postoperative analgesia duration (time to first rescue analgesia (0.5 mg/kg pethidine) after administration of block) and total analgesic dose in 24 h after surgery and postoperative pain which will be assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS, 0–10 as 0 = no pain and 10 = worst imaginable pain). The vital signs and pain score will be recorded at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h after surgery. Results Our study showed decrease in systolic blood in PVB group immediately postoperative and in the first 6 h postoperative with p value < 0.05. Less time to perform the block in PECS group with p value < 0.001. Less VAS score in PECS group with statistically significant difference between groups at 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h. More time is needed for the 1st requested rescue analgesia in PECS group with p value < 0.05. Patients in the PECS group received less total dose of pethidine with a p value < 0.05 Conclusion The PECS can be effectively and safely used, provides better relief of pain and less hemodynamic changes compared with the TPVB, and reduces postoperative analgesic consumption. Therefore, the PECS can be used safely for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing breast surgeries with axillary dissection.

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This work intended to detect yeast species involved in sheep and goats respiratory infections using culturing method, biochemical auto-fluorescence technique and PCR assay. To realize this, 50 lung specimens and 50 samples of nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from clinically diseased sheep and goats freshly slaughtered animals in Kalyobia Governorate. These samples were subjected to fungal examination and the result showed that from the 50 examined sheep and goats lung, 21 lung (42%) had yeast infection and out of 50 nasal swab from sheep and goat 16 (32%) had positive yeast. The architectural detail of bright green-toyellow green auto-fluorescence spherules, yeast forms Cryptococcus gave stronger and brighter fluorescence it is known to be fast test used in detection to mycotic pneumonia with any late accompanied by haematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) staining. PCR results proved that Cryptococcus isolates were positive, where for the results of PCR proved that only 3 (17.6%) isolates were positive for Cryptococcus albidus. Considering of this fact this study suggest screening and detecting fungal species using of auto-fluorescence methods and PCR technique in pneumonic sheep and goats. Pneumonia small ruminant Cryptococcus

Background This study aimed to assess the effect of intravenous lidocaine infusion affected on early postoperative pain control after complex spin surgeries. Ninety patients who were scheduled for complex spine surgery were included in this prospective double-blinded controlled trial. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups: L and P. Patients in group L received a loading dose of lidocaine 1 mg/kg then followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion till the end of the surgery, while in group P, lidocaine was replaced with normal saline. Results The pain score assessed by VAS at rest showed statistically significant lower values in group L at 30 min, 8, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. VAS during movement was significantly higher in group P only after 24 h postoperatively. The entire dose of intraoperative fentanyl consumed was significantly lower in group L. The time elapsed to ask for the first dose of rescue analgesia was significantly longer in group L. The first rescue dose of nalbuphine was significantly lower in group L. In group P, the overall dose of narcotics consumed in the first postsurgical day was significantly higher. Conclusions When compared to placebo, lidocaine infusion significantly reduced the postoperative pain scores, as well as the entire dose of intraoperative and postoperative narcotics used.