Plants are one of the most important of medicines. Basil (Ocimum americanum) is one such plant which symbolize all that is extraordinary in nature because the entire whole plant has been used traditional medicine for household remedy against various human from antiquity. The genus O.americanum is known to include species accumulating essential oils. In this study the secondary metabolites of both flowers and leaves of O.americanum which occur in the central Sudan. The proximate analysis to samples showed the percentage of moisture content, total ash, crude fiber and fiber protein of the leave and flowers. The elemental analysis used Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) and flame emission for Ca, Fe, Na, K, Mg, Pb and Mn plant under study. Preliminary phytochemical screening for carbohydrate, reducing sugars, monosaccharide, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, protein, amino acids and anthraquinones were performed. Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis of n-hexane extracts, 22 nature compounds were recorder, most of the identified compounds in the extracts were terponoids in O.americanum monoterpenes were found to be7.29% and sesquiterpenes (4.80%)whereas alcohols and fatty acids were found to be the major constituents (1-Octanol 39.09% and Octyl acetate 38.87%) respectively. The results obtained showed that O.americanum is a good source of food and therapeutic agents which could be of use food and pharmaceutical industries information about the chemical composition of the oil could then be useful in the classification of this plant.

Cuttings samples from eight wells in the Muglad Basin have been analysed using a combination of organic geochemistry and palynofacies. The lacustrine Aptian-Albian shales of the Abu Gabra Formation, previously identified as the main source rock, have an overall mean TOC of 1.43% (n = 146), with those from the NW part of the basin (Sharaf area) being approximately twice as organic-rich as those from the SE (Heglig area). The Abu Gabra Formation contains two distinct organic facies: a lower interval dominated by higher TOC values (1.5-2.3%), higher measured hydrogen indices (338-546), higher amorphous kerogen contents (>80%), and heavier d 13 C TOC values (> -27‰); and an upper, less rich interval (mean TOC 1.4%, mean HI 83, d 13 C TOC approximately -28‰). The isotopic contrast between the upper and lower units may potentially be of stratigraphic use. The organic facies differences appear to reflect deteriorating preservation of the organic matter (higher dissolved oxygen, possibly due to shallower conditions resulting from lower rates of subsidence). Use of S2 v. TOC plots suggests corrected true mean hydrogen indices of around 800 in the richer facies (corresponding to a Type I kerogen). Mean random vitrinite reflectance, pyrolysis Tmax values, and visually determined fluorescence colours indicate that the samples studied are mostly immature, or at most in the earliest part of the oil window (<0.7% VRo); biomarker data suggest that the vitrinite reflectance values may be suppressed by up to 20%. Fig 1. Schematic map showing the relationship of the Muglad Basin with the Central African Shear Zone (after Binks and Fairhead, 1991; McHargue et al., 1992).

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Medicinal plants are plants which contain substances that could be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for the system of useful drugs (Amna et al., 2018). Thus, recent medical research has started exploring the complete chemical characterization of plethora of medicinal plants available and analyzing the various classes of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and terpenoids etc. Every year approximately one lakh secondary metabolites are derived from around 50,000 plant species and 4,000 new secondary metabolites are being isolated from a broad range of plant species (Gomez-Galera et al., 2007). These phytochemicals have been used in human healthcare (as antioxidants, drugs), used in several industries (as dyes, flavors, fragrances), and used for agricultural purposes (as insecticides and pheromones) etc. (Brinda et al., 1981). Ocimum is one of the most important genera of the family Lamiaceae, native to India, Southern Asia and Middle East. Cultivated extensively in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and in the USA, particularly California (Kruger, 1992; Singh and Panda, 2005). The typical characteristics of this family are a square stem, opposite and decussate leaves with many gland dots. The flowers are strongly zygomorphic with two distinct lips. Many species of the family are strongly aromatic due to essential oils which consist of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylpropanoids (Nahak et al., 2011). Ocimum sanctum is a wonder Ayurveda herb which is known for its tremendous medicinal properties both in traditional folklore as well as pharmacological system of medicines. Every part of the plant finds its use in one form or the other. Traditional use has attributed a number of properties to. These include Ocimum sanctum rejuvenating, tonic, and vitalizing properties that would contribute to longevity and a healthy life, as well as antiseptic, antiallergic, and anticancer effects (Reen et al., 1996; Samuelsson, 1999). It shows a number of medicinal activities it used in anticancer, antifertility, antidiabetic and

Field experiments were carried out for two consecutive seasons at the Experimental Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt, during the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014, to study the effect of irrigation intervals and foliar spray of zinc and silicon treatments on chemical composition of maize. Results indicated that scheduling at every 10 days produced the N% , Crude protein%, Cu%, P%, K%, Zn%, Si%, Mn% and Fe% and foliar spray of zinc and silicon treatments produced the highest chemical composition of maize crop. The best N%, Crude protein%, Cu% and Mn were obtained from zinc + silicon treatments followed by zinc, silicon treatments. In contrast, untreated treatments produced the lowest values. It can be concluded that the scheduling at every 10 days and application of foliar spray of zinc + silicon treatments as the effective one could be recommended for scheduling irrigation at every 10 days with application of foliar spray of zinc, silicon or zinc +silicon treatments of maize crop at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt to obtain the best results from chemical composition of maize.