An extensive study was conducted during 2020 and 2021 in major zucchini production areas of Assiut, Egypt, where cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is commonly found, to assess the incidence and prevalence of naturally infected some ornamental and weed species that could serve as CMV reservoirs. Cucumber mosaic virus has rapidly spread to cucurbitaceae farms in most regions of Egypt. More precisely, it has a wide host range causing severe damage in many important agricultural and ornamental crops. CMV was isolated from Zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo) showing virus like symptoms. Cucumber mosaic virus was identified on the basis of symptoms, transmission, serology, transmission, electron microscopy (TEM) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Coat protein (CP) gene was amplified using gene specific primer. In this study the CMV was transmitted into propagation host by mechanically and through aphids. The transmission was confirmed through direct antigen coating enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA). Isolation was performed depending on Chenopodium amaranticolor as a local lesion host. Virus was purified from 200 gm of virus infected Nicotiana tabacum. Eighteen plants species belonging to twelve different plant families were studied as the hosts of CMV. Cucumber mosaic virus was detected in seven species only (Chenopodium amaranticolor, Nicotiana tabacum, Datura innoxia, Ocimum sanctum, Vinca rosa, Hibiscus rosa and Salvia splendens) by transmission viral isolate through mechanical and insect (Aphis gossypii) inoculation from naturally infected Cucurbita pepo with CMV.

Viral hepatitis is a major global public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of people and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hepatitis A is caused by infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV), a non-enveloped RNA virus that is classified as a picornavirus. This study has been conducted to determine the prevalence rate of anti-HAV among community in Sohag governorate, Egypt. Our result shows the age distribution, gender and education type of population in all Sohag's cities ( 12) of Sohag governorate. The age distribution of the whole sample was mostly higher in age group above 50 years 34.3%, then 23% in age group from 20-30 years, then almost equally distributed in groups from 31-40 and 41-50 where they were 16.9%, and 17.1% respectively and finally the lowest in group less than 20 where it was 8.6%. The gender distributions of population in all Sohag's cities, males were more prominent (74.9%) than females (25.1%). The study shows the Anti-HAV distribution of population in all Sohag's cities, where only four participants were positive in Bailina, where the total prevalence of HAV was 0.4%. Four risk factors reflecting high mechanisms of HAV transmission have been associated with HAV infection including residing in rural areas, no education, blood transfusion and dental treatment. Exposures to surgery, history of schistosomiasis show no association with Anti-HAV. Among the community exposures, including blood donation but these associations are not important. We did not find abnormal levels of Biochemical analysis in HAV infected patients.