The data show that chronic treatment with empagliflozin improves diastolic function, preserves calcium handling and growth signaling pathways and attenuates myocardial insulin resistance in ob/ob mice, findings suggestive of a potential clinical utility for empagliflozin in the treatment of diastolic dysfunction.

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) in patients with severe lung emphysema restores the thoracic configuration to a more normal functional capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether reduction in intrathoracic volume by LVRS improves the inspiratory muscle force generation of the respiratory pump. Pulmonary function tests, maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP), sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), sniff transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), and inspiratory mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) were measured in 17 emphysematous patients (mean (+/- SEM) age 53 +/- 2 yrs) before and 1 month after LVRS. The mean value of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) increased (0.82 +/- 0.07 vs 1.12 +/- 0.08 L; p < 0.0001), whilst there was a decrease (p < 0.0001) in residual volume (RV) (337 +/- 31 vs 250 +/- 21 % of predicted), functional residual capacity (FRC) (210 +/- 9 vs 159 +/- 9% pred), and total lung capacity (TLC) (138 +/- 6 vs 110 +/- 5% pred). The mean value of MIP increased by 52% from 4.8 +/- 0.4 to 7.3 +/- 0.6 kPa (p < 0.001), the mean value of SNIP increased by 66% from 3.9 +/- 0.4 to 6.5 +/- 0.5 kPa (p < 0.001), and the mean value of Pdi increased by 28% from 6.0 +/- 0.6 to 7.7 +/- 0.8 kPa (p < 0.05) after LVRS. P0.1 decreased on average by 24% from 0.46 +/- 0.03 to 0.35 +/- 0.02 kPa after LVRS. No significant correlations were found between inspiratory muscle (MIP, SNIP, Pdi) and respiratory drive (P0.1) indices, lung function data, 6 min walk distance, or dyspnoea score. In conclusion, the observed clinical improvement of patients with severe emphysema after lung volume reduction surgery results, in part, from an increased ability of the inspiratory muscles to generate force, which is paralleled by a significant decrease in central respiratory drive.

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