Introduction: the diversity of the causes of trauma produces different patterns of fractures depending on sociodemographics, lifestyle, industry, and outdoor activities. Mandibular fractures (MFs) are the commonest facial fractures. Reconstruction aims to restore the preinjury anatomy and function as much as possible. Aim of the study: to evaluate the demographics, etiologies, patterns, treatment modalities and outcomes of management of MFs in southern Egypt. Patients and Methods: records of 1371 patients with MFs were reviewed to study the incidence, causes, patterns, treatment modalities and outcomes of surgical management. Results: the study included 1152 (84.03%) males and 219 (15.97%) females. The second and third decades were the most vulnerable groups. Isolated MFs appeared in 75.49% of patients while in the others either zygoma and/or maxilla were affected. The commonest causes were road traffic accidents (66.89%) and fall from height (15.1%). The body was the commonest involved region (30.98%), followed by parasymphyseal region (24.33%). In 66.16% of patients, the treatment was open reduction and internal fixation while in 22.17%, closed reduction and intermaxillary fixation were used. 20.24% of the cases had 1 or more postoperative complications, mainly temporomandibular joint dysfunction in 64 cases, malocclusion in 58 cases, and paresthesia in 42 cases. Conclusion: the MFs are common in the youth. The road traffic accidents are the most common etiology. This can be reduced by simple measures like compulsory seat belts and wearing the helmet. Open reduction and internal fixation is the commonest treatment modality.

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Background/Aims Paediatric maxillofacial trauma accounts for 15% of all maxillofacial trauma but remains a leading cause of mortality. The aim of this prospective, multicentric epidemiological study was to analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in paediatric patients managed in 14 maxillofacial surgery departments on five continents over a 1‐year period. Methods The following data were collected: age (preschool [0–6 years], school age [7–12 years], and adolescent [13–18 years]), cause and mechanism of the maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and/or drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injuries, day of the maxillofacial trauma, timing and type of treatment, and length of hospitalization. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results Between 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 322 patients (male:female ratio, 2.3:1) aged 0–18 years (median age, 15 years) were hospitalized with maxillofacial trauma. The most frequent causes of the trauma were road traffic accidents (36%; median age, 15 years), followed by falls (24%; median age, 8 years) and sports (21%; median age, 14 years). Alcohol and/or drug abuse was significantly associated with males (p < .001) and older age (p < .001). Overall, 474 fractures were observed (1.47 per capita). The most affected site was the mandibular condyle in children <13 years old and the nose in adolescents. The proportion of patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation increased with age (p < .001). Conclusion The main cause of paediatric maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents, with the highest rates seen in African and Asian centres, and the frequency of such fractures increased with age. Falls showed an inverse association with age and were the leading cause of trauma in children 0–6 years of age. The choice of treatment varies with age, reflecting anatomical and etiological changes towards patterns more similar to those seen in adulthood.

Background/Aims The growth of the global elderly population will lead to an increase in traumatic injuries in this group, including those affecting the maxillofacial area, with a heavier load on health systems. The aim of this multicentric prospective study was to understand and evaluate the incidences, causes and patterns of oral and maxillofacial injuries in patients aged over 60 years admitted to 14 maxillofacial surgical departments around the world. Methods The following data were collected: gender, cause and mechanism of maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injury, day of trauma, timing and type of treatment and length of hospitalization. Statistical analyses were performed using non‐parametric and association tests, as well as linear regression. Results Between 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 348 out of 2387 patients (14.6%), 197 men and 151 women (ratio 1.3:1; mean age 72.7 years), were hospitalized. The main causes of the maxillofacial fractures were falls (66.4%), followed by road traffic accidents (21.5%) and assaults (5.2%). Of the 472 maxillofacial fractures, 69.7% were in the middle third of the face, 28% in the lower third and 2.3% in the upper third. Patients with middle third fractures were on average 4.2 years older than patients with lower third fractures (95% CI 1.2–7.2). Statistical analysis showed that women were more involved in fall‐related trauma compared with males (p < .001). It was also shown that road traffic accidents cause more fractures in the lower third (p < .001) and in the middle third‐lower third complex compared with upper third (p < .001). Conclusions Maxillofacial fractures in the elderly were more frequent in European and Australian centres and affected men slightly more than women. Falls were the leading cause of fractures, especially among women. The middle third of the face was most often affected, and conservative treatment was the most common choice for the management of such patients.