Sexual deprivation stress leads to mental or sexual disorder that can occur after exposure to relative long period of not having sexual relation. Objective: The present work was undertaken to evaluate the possible effects of sexual deprivation on bone remodeling. Materials and Methods: Forty mature adult rats (twenty males and twenty females), of local strains were chosen to be the model of this work , 120-140 gm and aged two months old . They were kept on special formulated diet and tap water was freely allowed. The rats were housed in a wire mesh cage with plastic floor. Each cage was 25 Χ 25 Χ 30 cm . All rats were housed in a laboratory room subjected to normal light dark cycle, All rats were kept for 21 days in the laboratory room at comfortable room temperature for adaption before any experimental interference and to allow a copulation between male and female before deprivation. The whole length of experiment was two months i.e. twelve estrous cycle. The rats were randomly divided into two equal groups, control group, experimental group. Experimental group were exposed to sexual deprivation for 40 days. Vaginal smear examination, was performed approximately at the same time each day over the course of study for detection of acopulatory plug or by observation of spermatozoa in the vaginal smear .Also determination of serum estrogen, progesterone, calcium, phosphorus, parathormone and alkaline phosphatase enzyme in all female rats was done at the end of experiment. Also, morphology of bone and ovary in all female rats were evaluated at the end of experiment. Results: Experimental group showed significant decreased in serum calcium, estrogen and progesterone hormones compared to control group and significant increased in serum parathormone hormone, blood phosphorous level and alkaline phosphatase enzyme compared to control group. As regard histological picture of bone, our results showed that abnormal structure of bone that consisted of discrete cortex and epiphyseal plate (cartilage). Conclusion: The female rats alleged to sexual deprivation may suffer from alteration in the metabolism of bones which may lead to pathological disease called osteoporosis.

Background: Immobilization stress known to stimulate sympathetic activity, as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), produces a significant increase in adrenomedullin (AdM) levels, suggesting a regulatory or protective role for AdM in countering HPA activation that follows a variety of stressors. Stressors can modulate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent activator of the HPA and appears to play a pathogenic role in conditions related to stress Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate the effects of AdM administration and immobilization stress treatment on IL-10 levels in rat liver, lung, brain and heart tissues. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on twenty-four male albino rats (8 months old, 190-240 g). The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each group. Group A : control group. Group B : AdM-treated group , rats received intraperitonealy (i.p.) injection of AdM (2000 µg/g body weight) once daily for 1 week. Group C : immobilized stress group ,(rats were immobilized by keeping them into transparent plastic jars with 5 holes for 4hrs per day for 1 week).Group D: immobilized stress +AdM group. Rats were immobilized by keeping them into transparent plastic jars with 5 holes for 4hrs a day for 1 week and were given AdM i.p at a single dose of 2000 µg/g body weight for a week. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of IL-10 was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results: The results of the present study showed that IL-10 levels increased in all tissues in immobilized stress group when compared to control , also IL-10 levels were increased in AdM treatment group in all tissues when compared to control. IL-10 levels were decreased in the immobilization stress + AdM treatment group in all tissues when compared to the stress group, increased IL-10 levels in brain and lung tissue but decreased in heart and liver tissues in the immobilization stress + AdM treatment group when compared to the AdM treatment group. Conclusion: The results suggest that immobilization stress may induce increase of rat proinflammatory cytokine IL-10 and AdM may play a regulatory or protective role for immobilization stress.

Between (November 2008•March 20(9) a number oj 48 Ossiml sheep age (6-12 morttlts) have neruous manifestation and frwestigatedjor suspect UsteriDsts. The diseases sheep lI.I€'l(; treaLed wUh ampicUUn and bklod. sample were coUectedftom aJ1 dlseases sheep before stnrt the treatment Diagnosis was achieued by physical examtnatwns. clini£:al fuwings. isolation and identifr.cntWn oj mJ.croorgWl.lsf11, taboratoflJ Uwestlgattoru The selected sheep were categorized into surulved group and non sur-!JElled group lIt w:ldltfDn to the control group. Oxfdative stress and antialddant pamm.eters. our results show that SOD. and NO were sign!flcant elelJateti in both resportstve and non responslue treo.brrent groups while MDA is slgn!f1ront increased only tn non responsive treatment group tn compare Wttll control group. Total protein. CK, uric acid, w'ea and creatlrtLne result show significant eleuuted in bioodlerx:i tn non'surv(ued group in colTlJXlfe with control one. Regardmy to the leukogram there Is leukocytosis, neutrophilia in responsiue treatment group and lymphopenta in 1u.m-respon."iilJe group. [11 conclusion Ute ax(datiue stress, and antfm:id.ant blood parameters are ooluable tn prognosis the listeriosis in Oss[ml sheep. 101 INTRODucnON Uster:la monoeyt.ogenes Is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium facultative lntracytosol-Ie that has adapted to various env.lronments, frum ROils and food products to the intestinal tract and Jntracellular compartments of diverse animal species and humans. Nearly aU the domestic an1mals are Sllseeptible to LIsteria Infections, but animal lLsterlooIs most conunonly occurs in rumlnant.'1 (Cooper and Walker. 1998). The maln cllnlcal features of ruminant Usteriosls are encephalitis . .septlce-mia, abortion and mastitis (Low and. Donachle. 1997).