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The root end filling materials antibacterial properties is a must nowadays as there is none of the available root canal filling materials can provide a hermetic seal.The aim of the current study isto compare the antibacterial effect of Gray Portland cement and white MTA angelus in the conventional and nano-particle forms. Agar diffusion test was used to examine the tested materials, where Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 (American Type Culture Collection 29212) cultured in agar BHI (brain heart infusion) in anaerobic condition at 37 o Cfor 72 hours.Then, the agar was added to 12 sterile petri plates and the prepared bacterial suspension was inoculated. Punch holes of 6 mm diameter were formed on each agar plate and each 3 plates were filled with the materials tested (Portland cement, Nano-Portland cement, MTA angelus, and Nano-MTA angelus). The results showed that conventional Portland cement has the highest antibacterial property, followed by Nano-Portland cement, MTA angelus, Nano-MTA angelus respectively with significant difference according to Kruskal Wallis ANOVA test followed by Mann-Whitney U test.

Silver ions and Nano silver particles have a great importance as they used as root canal sealers due to their antimicrobial properties. However biocompatibility and satisfactory physico-chemical properties should be achieved to directly contact the root canal sealers with the surrounding tissues. This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver-zeolite with silver nanoparticles. MRC-5 cell line was used as an in vitro model. The cell viability was assessed using MTT cytotoxicity assay. Genotoxicity was tested by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) for measuring DNA damage. Each material was tested in different concentrations (100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 12.5mg/ml, and 6.25mg/ml). The results showed that silver zeolite has lower cytotoxic effect than silver nanoparticles among all different concentrations used in the study. Also the results showed unaccepted cytotoxicity levels for silver nanoparticles on concentrations of 100mg/ml and 50mg/ml. Data obtained from the Comet assay indicated that both silver nanoparticles and silver zeolite causes DNA damage with no significant difference between the two treated groups.(3996) Yousra Mohamed Nashaat, et al.

Background: Crohn's disease is a transmural, relapsing inflammatory condition affecting the digestive tract. Opioid signaling was known to affect secretion and motility in the gut and may be implicated in the inflammatory cascade of Crohn's disease. Endogenous Opioid peptides modulate inflammatory cytokine production. Opioid antagonists have been shown to play a role in healing and repair of tissues. Aim of the study: to detect the possible beneficial effects of opioid antagonist naltrexone in acetic acid-induced enteritis in rats. Animals and Methods: Mature rats are allocated into 9 groups (6 rats each). Enteritis was induced by2trans-rectal injection of acetic acid 4%(2 mg/kg). Salfasalazine (500mg/kg/day), naltrexone (0.05,0.5and one mg/kg/day), and their combination were administered orally from day 1 to day 10. Disease activity index (DAI), biochemical parameters including serum levels of CRP and TNFα, macroscopic and microscopic pathological scores, and in vitro experimental motility studies were used to evaluate the effects of the tested drugs on normal as well as model groups. Results: Induction of enteritis with acetic acid resulted in significant deterioration of DAI, significant elevation of the measured biochemical parameters, and significant deterioration of pathological scores. Treatment with sulfasalazine, low dose of naltrexone, high dose of naltrexone as well as treatment with combination of salfasalazine and naltrexone in both used doses resulted in significant improvement of all measured parameters. Also, Ach-induced contraction of isolated ileal segment showed significant decrease in untreated ones. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that naltrexone has the potential to ameliorate the inflammatory response to acetic acid. So opioid antagonist.