Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by synthetic active ingredients leads to many side effects. The objective of this study was to manage IBD using natural products as curcumin and Ginkgo biloba. Rats were divided into four groups (control, IBD, curcumin treated, and ginkgo treated). Inflammation was assessed by determination of myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinases, metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor, nitric oxide, hydroxyproline, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, ceruloplasmin, and histopathological scoring. IBD induction significantly increased all measured parameters. Treated groups had significantly lower levels when compared with the IBD group. In conclusion, curcumin and ginkgo were effective in prevention and treatment of IBD.

The purpose of this study was to formulate budesonide (BUD) compression-coated tablets for colonic specific delivery. Pectin and guar gum were used as enzyme-dependent polymers. For comparison purposes, both pH- and time-dependent polymers were also tried. In vitro release studies were carried out at different pH (1.2, 6.8, and 7.4). Therapeutic efficacy of the prepared tablets compared to commercially available capsules and enema were evaluated in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced rabbit colitis model. In pH-dependent polymers, Eudragit (EUD) S100/EUD L100 (1:1) released 45.58% in the target area (colon). For time-dependent polymers, decreasing cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) ratio increased the release in both pH 6.8 and 7.4 till it reached 40.58% and 93.65%, respectively, for 25% CAB. In enzyme-dependent polymers, increasing pectin ratio to 75% retarded the release (4.59% in pH 6.8 and 54.45% in pH 7.4) which was significantly enhanced to 99.31% using pectinolytic enzyme. Formula F14 coated with 75% pectin significantly reduced the inflammatory cells in the connective tissue core of the colon of the treated group and significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity (3.90 U/g tissue weight). This study proved that BUD compression-coated with 75% pectin may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Summary A case of tinea circinata is described in a 10-day-old infant; the 19-year-old mother suffered from tinea capitis and tinea unguium. Three nurses attending the baby were infected.Trichophyton sulphureum was isolated from the baby and from his mother.Ringworm in infancy, tinea capitis in adults, and T. sulphureum infections are discussed and the literature is briefly reviewed.The incubation period of T. sulphureum infections is discussed with reference to these cases. REFERENCES Beare, J. M., and Cheeseman, E. A. (1951). Brit Great progress in the treatment of ascariasis was attained by the discovery of the anthelmintic properties of piperazine. Many of its derivatives-namely, the hydrate, citrate, and diphenylacetate-have been tried with a variable degree of success. Treatment with piperazine hydrate was first described by Fayard (1949), who treated about 2,000 adult cases with two 1.5-g. doses of piperazine (corresponding to 3.5 g. of piperazine hexahydrate)-one in the evening and the other the next morning. Of these cases, 70-95 % passed ascarides on the second and third days. As stool examinations were not carried out after treatment it is impossible to determine the exact cure rate in this series. White (1954) reported the successful treatment of three ascaris-infested children with piperazine hydrate. He used 68, 30, and 81 mg./kg. body weight a day respectively for seven to ten days. The worms were expelled on the second and third days. Brown (1954) treated 51 cases of ascariasis with a syrup containing piperazine hexahydrate, given for two to five days. He used. 1 g. a day for children weighing less than 60 lb. (27 kg.). He reported 100 % cure for those who were treated for five days, 87% cure for those treated for four days, 93% cure for those treated for three days, and 85 % cure in those treated for two days.Neurological side-effects, mostly in adults, have been reported following the administration of piperazine hydrate (White and Standen, 1953 ; Sims, 1953 (1) its anthelmintic effect is much greater than that produced by an equivalent weight of piperazine hydrate; (2) it is free of toxic side-effects; (3) it is stable on storage; (4) it has a high piperazine content; and (5) it has a pleasant acidulous taste and is free from odour.While these trials were in progress O'Brien (1954) reported briefly two cases of young children whom he treated for oxyuris infestation and in whom ascarides were also present. He gave 300 mg. of piperazine adipate twice daily for six days, and in both cases the drug appeared to be strikingly effective.Rearden (1954) also reported his experiences with piperazine adipate in the treatment of ascariasis in children and confirmed its efficacy. The dose used was 0.3 g. each day for each year of life in children up to 6 years -those over 6 were given 0.6 g. three times a day. Administration was continued for one week. All the children, save one, were completely cured. Present WorkPiperazine adipate was used in a series of cases in order to determine the most effective dos...

Common femoral artery (CFA) atherosclerotic lesions currently remain one of the last limitations for adoption of endovascular repair as the first-line treatment, easy surgical accessibility, and, last but not least, favorable long-term outcomes, still making CFA disease treatment part of the surgical domain. In the last 5 years, improvement of the endovascular equipment and technical skills of the operators have led to an increase in percutaneous CFA procedures.A single-center randomized prospective study of 36 symptomatic (Rutherford 2–4) CFA stenotic or occlusive lesions were included, and patients were randomized over two groups based on the management approach SUPERA versus hybrid technique.Patients had a mean age 60.8 ± 8.2 years. Thirty-two (88.9%) patients reported improvement of the clinical symptoms, 28 (87.5%) patients had intact pulse postoperatively, and 28 (87.5%) had patent vessels. Follow-up showed that none developed reocclusion or restenosis during the period of follow-up. Comparison of difference in peak systolic velocity ratio (PSVR) among study groups showed that the hybrid technique had more reduction of PSVR postintervention compared to the SUPERA group with a p-value of < 0.0001.Safety and feasibility of endovascular approach with the SUPERA stent to the CFA (no stent zone) has low incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality in well experienced surgical hands.