Four isocaloric-isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 50, 100 and 190 g/kg corn protein concentrate (CPC) as replacement for dietary fish meal were fed to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings for 8 weeks. Tilapia growth parameters were not significantly (p > .05) different in fish fed diets with 0, 50 and 100 g/kg CPC and found to be superior compared to those fed on 190 g/kg CPC. Fish dressing ratios and body composition were similar among all treatments. The electron microscope indicated that the stomach size of control fish was slightly smaller and the wall was thinner while the stomach of the fish fed all other levels of CPC undergone a remarkable size increase and their walls were thicker after feeding diets with CPC. Total aerobic bacterial and coliform counts were significantly decreased in fish intestine when fed diets with 100 and 190 g/kg CPC compared with fish fed diets with 0 g/kg or 50 g/kg CPC.This study indicates that it is possible to replace up to 534 g/kg of dietary fish meal in tilapia fingerlings using 100 g/kg of CPC without any negative effect on fish growth and proximate body composition. K E Y W O R D Sbacterial populations, commercial diets, corn protein concentrate, fish meal, Nile tilapia

The purpose of the present study was to provide a detailed computed tomography (CT) and cross-sectional anatomic reference of the normal metatarsus and digits for the camel and buffalo, as well as to compare between metatarsus and digits in these animals to outstand a basis for diagnosis of their diseases. Advantages, including depiction of detailed cross-sectional anatomy, improved contrast resolution and computer reformatting, make it a potentially valuable diagnostic technique. The hind limbs of 12 healthy adult camel and buffalo were used. Clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labelled at each level in the corresponding images (CT and anatomic slices). CT images were used to identify the bony and soft tissue structures of the metatarsus and digits. The knowledge of normal anatomy of the camel and buffalo metatarsus and digits would serve as initial reference to the evaluation of CT images in these species.

The macroscopic, radiographic and ultrasonographic anatomy of the carpal region of eight clinically normal camels (Camelus dromedarius) was determined with the help of a 7.5-MHz linear transducer. At the dorsal aspect of the carpus and distal radius, the extensor carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis and extensor digitorum lateralis tendons were easily identified. The ulnaris lateralis tendon was observed laterally. The extensor carpi obliqus tendon was identified with difficulty. At the palmar aspect, the flexor carpi radialis, the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus tendons were observed. Other soft structures examined include the lateral collateral ligament and the medial collateral ligament. Ultrasonographic findings correlated with gross anatomy in the dissected limbs. The results of the present study serve as reference data for ultrasonographic investigation of disorders of camel carpus.

The total number, distribution and size of retinal ganglion cells of buffalo (Bos bubalis) were described in four wholemounts of the retina stained by the Nissl method. The ganglion cells were observed in the area of visual streak, dorsotemporal, dorsonasal and ventral parts of the retina. Soma size was measured from samples taken from these different retinal regions. Ganglion cells were concentrated along the horizontal visual streak, which lies dorsal to the optic disc. The mean value of the total number of ganglion cells was 1,527,965. The peak ganglion cell density totaled 4,617/mm2 at the temporal end of the streak. The distribution of ganglion cells varied in different parts of the retina where it was highest in the dorsotemporal part, average in the dorsonasal part and lowest in the ventral streak than in the other areas while the large cells were more in the ventral part of the retina. The visual acuity was calculated from the density of ganglion cells. The visual acuity in the visual streak was 14.3 cycles/degree compared with 2.3 cycles/degree in the periphery. The retinal area of the buffalo's eye ranged from 2,414 to 3,060mm2 (mean: 2,667mm2). The thickness of the retina ranged area is the highest quality area of vision; followed by the dorsotemporal area while the ventral area is the lowest.