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Background: Several studies that investigate the implicit memory under general anesthesia revealed conflicting results. Limitations may be due to failure to control depth of anesthesia. This prospective randomized study was designed to compare the implicit memory during total intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia. Method: Fourty patients ASA I and II undergoing orthopedic procedures under BIS-guided (40-60) general anesthesia were tested for implicit memory of previously introduced auditory material. Patients were divided into two groups (each group 20 patient). Group I, anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with propofol, fentanyl and cis-atracurium. Group II, anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane, fentanyl and cis-atracurium. Explicit memory was evaluated by asking four standard questions regarding intra-operative awareness. Free recall and recognition tests for implicit memory testing were carried out 30 min and 120 min after recovery. Results: No participant manifested explicit recall according to the 4-question interview. None of the patients gave a free recall of the presented items during anesthesia in the immediate and delayed tests of memory. In the recognition tests, immediate test (5%) and (0%) of the patients indicated correctly the presented words in TIVA and sevoflurane group respectively, in delayed test (10%) in TIVA group and (5%) in sevoflurane group. These results are not significant for implicit memory.Conclusion: There was no significant evidence of implicit memory in the two groups. BIScontrolled anesthesia appears to abolish implicit memory.

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a neonatal lung disease which has a picture of lung edema due to delayed resorption of lung fluids. It is commonly seen in full-term or late-preterm in­fants with an occurrence rate of 5.7 in 1,000 infants. The aim of this work was to compare the efficacy of inhaled budesonide, epinephrine and salbutamol for treatment of TTN. Methods: This prospective controlled study was conducted on a100 full term neonates with presumed diagnosis of TTN. They were randomly assigned into four groups equally. Group I received nebulized budesonide, Group I received nebulized epinephrine, Group III received nebulized salbutamol and Group IV received nebulized normal saline. Results: Salbutamol significantly decreased respiratory rate and TTN clinical score, duration of respiratory support along with hospitalization time and helped with reaching full feeding earlier compared to other groups. Conclusions: Inhaled salbutamol significantly decreased TTN clinical score, shorter duration of respiratory support, hospitalization and earlier initiation of enteral feeding compared to placebo. Inhaled budesonide and epinephrine did not significantly reduce the duration of oxygen treatment, with no other significant effect on TTN.