Syntheses of pyridine, pyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidine, coumarin, thiazolone and triazole derivatives by using 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethanethioamide as starting material are described.

The stigmatization and misconceptions about tramadol may have resulted in tramadolophobia among the majority of Egyptian patients with cancer. This further complicates the barriers to cancer pain control in Egypt. Being the only available World Health Organization step-II analgesic in Egypt, interventions to overcome tramadolophobia should be taken.

ring closure reactions ring closure reactions O 0130 16 -061 2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)ethanethioamides in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Novel Synthesis of Pyridine, Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, Coumarin, Thiazolone and Triazine Derivatives. -The synthetic potential of easily prepared benzothiazol-2-ylethanethioamide (II) is demonstrated in the synthesis of a variety of pyridine [cf. (IV), (VI)], fused pyridine [cf. (VIII)], thiazolone [cf. (X)], coumarins [cf. (XII)], and triazine derivatives [cf. (XVI)]. The synthesized heterocycles containing the benzothiazolyl moiety could possess interesting, useful biological and pharmaceutical properties. -(ELNEAIRY, MOHAMED A. A.; ABDEL-RAHMAN, TAHA M.; HAMMAD, AHMED M.;

A novel nonlinear higher order difference equation is introduced in this paper. The difference equation has the form x_(n+1)=1+A x_n/(x_(n-m)^k ) with A and initial conditions are positive real numbers, m,k ∈ {2, 3, 4, · · · }. The dynamics of the proposed equation are studied. Some new results on the periodicity, semicycles, boundedness and global asymptotically stability of solutions of the proposed difference equation are established.

There have been many limitations reported with using the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), including complexity, and being difficult to apply among aphasic, intubated, and pediatric patients. Accordingly, many researchers exerted serious efforts to enhance and modify the scale to make it more applicable and easy to interpret in these settings. The simplified motor score (SMS) was reported in the literature in 2012 for the assessment of patients with coma in different traumatic and non-traumatic settings. In the present study, we have discussed the findings of previous studies in the literature that compared the efficacy between the SMS and GCS in the assessment of patients with traumatic brain injuries within the emergency department and out-patient settings. Our results indicate the efficacy of the SMS is similar to that of the GCS score in predicting the different outcomes, including functional performance, need to perform tracheal intubation and hospital admission. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the prediction of mortality seems to be inconsistent across the different investigations. However, the differences between the two scores is not remarkable among these studies, indicating that the SMS is an efficacious tool in this regard within an acceptable test performance results. Furthermore, the SMS score can be easily applied within these without performing complex approaches, which makes it more advantageous than the GCS. However, this evidence is based on a limited number of investigations, and more studies are required.