Background: Umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasound clearly depict the information about placental resistance and the changes in the fetal hemodynamics in response to it. The aim of this work was to assess the role of cerebroplacental ratio and cerebrouterine ratio in prediction of neonatal outcome in preeclamptic women. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 110 pre eclamptic women. Patients were divided into two groups: Preeclampsia with severe (n=58) and preeclampsia (n=52). All patients were subjected to laboratory testing (complete blood count (CBC), coagulation profile, liver and kidney function tests, 24 hours urine sample collection) and ultrasonographic scanning trans - abdominal sonographic examinations. Results: The cut off value of CP ratio was 1.09 with sensitivity 84%, specificity 89%, PPV (positive predictive value) 94%, NPV (negative predictive value) 73% and accuracy 85% while the study cut off value of CU ratio was 1.3 with sensitivity 97%, specificity 93%, PPV 95%, NPV 95% and accuracy 95%. UTA, UMBA, MCA, CP and CU were significantly higher in Preeclampsia with severe than Preeclampsia (P value <0.05). Conclusions: Most of unfavourable neonatal outcome associated with abnormal cerebroplacental and cerebrouterine ratio so cerebroplacental and cerebrouterine ratio were complementary to each other in predicting the adverse neonatal outcomes.

Background: Embryo transfer (ET) refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which one or several embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. This technique, which is often used in connection with in vitro fertilization (IVF), has widely been used in animals or human. The aim of this study was to compare Trans abdominal ultrasound (TAUS) with Trans vaginal ultrasound (TVUS) methods for guidance of (ET) regarding clinical pregnancy rate and patient appreciation of pain during embryo transfer. Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 100 patients undergoing cryopreserved or fresh morula or blastocyte who were randomized (computer generated program) into 2 groups. Group I (the study group): 50 patients were subjected to embryo transfer under trans abdominal ultrasound guidance and Group II (controlled group): 50 patients were subjected to (ET) under (TAUS). Results: There were no statistically significant differences regarding fresh and cryopreserved. TVUS group demonstrated significant reduction of duration compared to TAUS ones. Minimal pain was observed in TVUS cases compared to TAUS ones. Higher success rate and lower failure rate were demonstrated in TVUS group compared to TAUS group. Conclusions: TVUS seems to have higher success rate with less pain sensation as well as shorter duration of the procedure in comparison with TAUS.

Background: The effect of endometriomas itself on the ovarian responsiveness that relate to ovarian reserve had been reported with several inconsistent results. In one study evaluated women with unilateral endometriomas, ovaries with disease showed lower response to ovarian stimulation than contralateral healthy ovaries .However, recent study on infertile women with un-operated unilateral small endometriomas did not support difference in ovarian responsiveness. The aim was to evaluate the impact of presence of endometriomas on ovarian reserve as measured by circulating AMH. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 80 female patients in childbearing period attending outpatient clinic and/or inpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology at Tanat University Hospital and the study was conducted directly after approval in the period from Apri, 2019 till April 2020. Group (A): Study group: 60 female patients aged between 20 to 30 years old GROUP (B): Control group: 20 age matched female with healthy ovaries. Results: there is no statistical significant difference between groups as regard Menarche (years), Regularity and Amount of menstrual blood flow. There is statistical significant difference between groups as regard fixed tender Right Ventricular Failure. But there are no statistical significant differences between groups as regard nodule in rectovaginal septum, fixed tender adnexal masses, association with adenomyosis and infertility. There is highly statistical significant difference between case and control groups as regard AMH levels. there are highly statistical significant positive correlation between duration of endometriosis and each of presence of pelvic pain, cyst diameter and Visual Analogue Scale. Conclusions:    Women with endometrioma have significantly lower serum AMH levels and seem to experience a more rapid decline in serum AMH levels than age matched counterparts, suggesting a harmful effect of endometrioma per se on ovarian reserve.