BACKGROUND Self-satisfaction can be influenced by malocclusion resulting in impairment of psychology, associated with low self-esteem (SE) and quality of life issues (QOL). Certain malocclusions and orthodontic treatment needs are related to QOL and they can affect the psychological development and social skills of adolescents and young adults, who are the most common orthodontic patients. This study was done to assess the self-esteem and Orthognathic Quality of Life (OQL) among female participants with different types of malocclusion in private orthodontic clinics in Jeddah. METHODS This questionnaire-based study evaluated the effect of orthodontic malocclusion on SE and QOL in female orthodontic patients with Class I, Class II, Class III malocclusion, crowded anterior teeth, proclined anterior teeth, open bite, and deep bite patients. Patients were evaluated before starting orthodontic treatment with Rosenberg’s SelfEsteem Scale and the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) to find any correlation with malocclusion severity. RESULTS The results indicated that females who had Class II proclination and Class II deep bite type of malocclusion had significantly higher negative SE compared to other types. In the oral function component of the OQLQ, Class II malocclusion had statistically significant higher OQLQ scores than Class I Open bite (mean difference = 6.11, P = 0.004) and Class II Deep bite (mean difference = 4.88, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that female orthodontic patients with severe Class II and / or severely protrusive lip profile, deep bite may have lower SE and QOL than those with crowding, open bite, and Class III malocclusion. KEY WORDS Self-esteem, Orthodontic Malocclusion, Female Adult Orthodontic Patients, Quality of Life

An 11 years old female reported with chief complaint of space between upper and lower front teeth. Extra oral examination showed brachycephalic face type with convex profile. Nasolabial angle was normal and lips were competent (Figure 1). Intra oral examination showed Class II molar and canine relations, overjet 8 mm, overbite 4 mm and adequate space in both jaws (Figure 2). Radiographic evaluationCephalometric analysis revealed skeletal Class II tendency and low angle; proclined and protruded upper incisors, proclined and retruded lower incisors (Figure 3). Panoramic radiograph showed full complement of dentition with 3rd molars in crown formation stage (Figure 4).

BACKGROUND Dental malocclusion not only affects the functional abilities and aesthetic features of an individual, but also affects the psychological status of an individual. The study aims to address the necessity of orthodontic treatment using the Orthodontic Treatment Needs Index (IOTN) and its influence on the individual’s quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) Index on adults undergoing dental treatment in Ibn Sina National college, dental clinics. METHODS 401 adult subjects undergoing treatment at Ibn Sina National College, dental clinics were selected randomly for the study. The subjects were examined by 5 calibrated dentists. For each patient, two indices, IOTN and OHIP-14 were recorded. Each subject’s relationship of teeth was recorded on a dental chair equipped with natural and dental light. Angle’s molar and canine classification, overjet, overbite were recorded to reach an IOTN score. The influence on quality of life was determined using the OHIP-14 index by asking questions regarding functional limitation, physical pain and disability, and social discomfort. RESULTS Out of 401 participants, 57.4 % were females and 42.6 % were males. The mean age of the participants was found to be 29.94 ± 10.75 years. The functional limitations for pronouncing words among the participants were statistically significant. Physical pain and disability, psychological discomfort and disability, as well as social disability domains showed a statistically significant association, whereas the relationship of handicapped with IOTN grades were not statically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Prevention is better than cure. Masticatory difficulty has been noted among class III, class II, and class I malocclusions respectively in descending order with class III facing the most difficulty. It has been noted that malocclusion in different scales affected individual’s ability to process and break down food. Early diagnosis and treatment are important. KEY WORDS Malocclusion, OHIP, IOTN, Orthodontic Treatment, Quality of Life.

Background: Premature loss of deciduous teeth results in arch discrepancy, crowding, permanent tooth impaction, midline shift, and thereafter function impairment. Due to these reasons, we need a "space maintainer" which is an appliance utilized to maintain a space in a certain arch that had previously been filled by a tooth or more. The purpose of our study was to determine if the Saudi populace has adequate knowledge and awareness of the necessity of space maintainers. Methodology: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in different regions of Saudi Arabia from January 2020 until November 2021. An online questionnaire was used; collect data in Saudi Arabia with a sample size consisting of 690 Saudi adults. Microsoft Office Word Software program (2020) for windows was used to data entry. Data was shifted to the (SPSS) program to be statistically analyzed. Results: The study sample consisted of 690 participants. 16.4% of study sample were males and 83.6% were females. 51.3% aged between 20-30 years old. 54.9% of all participants take their children to the dental clinic twice a year, 16.8% every year and 21% only if there's a problem with the child. Only 27.5% or our participants knew space maintainers. Conclusion: Finally, there was a lack of knowledge and awareness of space maintainers among the Saudi people.Parents should be urged to clean their children's teeth in order to avoid the development of dental caries and the premature loss of primary teeth.