The aim of this study is to establish anatomical reference regarding PFO among Sudanese as increasing evidence was found that PFO is culprit in paradoxical emboli events; this led to the reevaluation of this relatively important anomaly. We included 60 apparently normal hearts available in Dissection Rooms in five faculties of medicine in Sudan. The rate of PFO was 7 (11.7%) and the diameter was ranging between 5 mm and 21 mm, with average of 0.87 mm. We conclude that PFO is common among Sudanese and was seen in seven cadavers (11.7%).

Background: Anatomical variations of the hepatic artery are important in the planning and performance of abdominal surgical procedures. Normal hepatic anatomy occurs in approximately 80% of cases, for the remaining 20% multiple variations have been describedPatients and methods: This is an observational descriptive cross-sectional study Conducted in Dissecting rooms of the faculties of medicine in Sudan during the period from June till December 2017. Seventy Well-dissected cadavers with no disruption of the concerned area were included in the Study Results: The variations in the hepatic artery were seen in only 4 cadavers (5.7%) ; in two cases (2.85%) an accessory hepatic artery arising from celiac artery was observed and in the other two cadavers (2.85%)there was a replacing hepatic artery that arise from the superior mesenteric artery Conclusion: Variations in the hepatic arterial system is uncommon in Sudanese cadavers which is matching those reported in the region and are different from those at the international level.