Resin is a solid-free fluid that can penetrate tight narrow annuli, cracks, or fissures previously inaccessible to conventional or fine cement slurries. Furthermore, this resin system can transition from a liquid to a solid phase through crosslinking reactions consisting of stages of low-viscosity liquid, high-viscosity liquid, viscoelastic solid, and finally forming a solid crosslinked three-dimensional (3D) polymer network. The resin continues to transmit hydrostatic pressure to the formation until an impermeable barrier of cured resin creates a highly ductile material that provides resistance to liquid or gas penetration. During the completion of a well in Western Desert, Egypt, pressure tests revealed a leak with a 1-bbl/min leakoff rate at 1,600 psi in the 4.5-in. liner hanger assembly, which was caused by liner top packer failure. This issue required fast remediation to maintain the economic value of the well. After careful evaluation, the resin sealant system was determined to be the best solution. The resin was tailored to meet the well requirements for placement across the leakage area by applying a squeeze method, successfully stopping the leak. A 4,000-psi pressure test proved the integrity of the well after the resin placement. This paper discusses other solutions considered during this case study and provides details about the process of elimination of each, as compared to resin. The resin sealant system provided a dependable barrier and enabled operations to continue without issue. This intervention enabled the well to successfully meet its original objective

While drilling an offshore well in the Gulf of Suez (GoS), Egypt, an operator experienced severe losses of approximately 14,500 bbl of costly oil-based mud (OBM) during the drilling of a 12 1/4-in. hole section through depleted zones. It became obvious that zonal isolation objectives would not be achieved unless equivalent circulating density (ECD) was significantly reduced during cementing to help minimize and control downhole losses. Therefore, a special design of ultralightweight cement slurry combined with epoxy resin was prepared. The goal was to help reduce downhole losses during cementing while enhancing mechanical properties and achieving higher compressive strength of the set cement sheath as per well integrity requirements. This would help prevent formation stress and be helpful during future well construction operations. Epoxy resins are primarily used as secondary barriers to the primary cement sheath, curing tight casing leaks, squeezes, and during well abandonment. Generally literature on resin discusses its resilient mechanical properties, highlighting that the Poisson's ratio of epoxy resin can be closer to that of rubber, while cement is closer to that of glass. It was observed that mixing resin with cement enhances other mechanical properties of cement in addition to enhancing compressive strength. A 9-lbm/gal resin-cement slurry mixture was designed for the discussed treatment, combining 90% cement and 10% epoxy resin. The combined mixture provided all of the necessary properties of the desired cement slurry. The cement treatment was performed as designed and met all zonal isolation objectives. This cement-resin mixture can become a new solution within the industry, replacing conventional cement in many crucial primary cementing applications, particularly replacing ultralightweight high-compressive-strength slurries. This paper highlights the necessary laboratory testing, field execution procedures, and treatment evaluation methods so that this technology can be a key resource for such operations in the future.

North Morgan Belayim is a mature reservoir with more than 40 years of production and injection. Low rate, low pressure and high water cut wells are the main features for the Belayim complex reservoir. Integrated static and dynamic study was conducted across more than 100 wells to have a reliable reservoir description, set a full depletion plan and determine bypassed oil potential. Pressure and production performance and mapping of water cut, salinity and pressure were analyzed concluding reservoir compartmentalization. That was very consistent with findings from static describtion; Structure, Stratigraphic and formation evaluation components. Estimated recovery factor, RFT data and production logs showed the reservoir requires a new zonation as the current does not explain scattered measured data. Rock typing was performed for indetifying new zonation. Voidage replacement ratio exercise was used to evaluate water flood efficiency. After the study, the compartmentalization has been supported by stratigraphic findings; the reservoir is found to be composed of two big geological fans while there is no single evidence from structural aspects was found to affect connectivity between sand bodies. The rock typing was very efficient in defining flow units. A total of six distinctive units have been identified instead of three units. This helped a lot in distinguishing between producible vs inproducible zones after considering the permeability cut-off. This was significant in fine-tuning STOIIP and recovery factor values. The better understanding of reservoir helped asset team to change its strategy in such field development not only for optimizing wells’ locations but also for waterflooding management and perforation strategy considering low-permeability and high-permeability zones. This paper is a good example for integrating static description with dynamic data seeking better reservoir understanding. In addition, this paper proves the criticality of crosschecking different tools in filling gaps and optimizing redevelopmetion options in mature fields.

Underbalanced Drilling (UBD) technology has been widely used in the last decades all over the world. The main application for it was the depleted "well developed" reservoirs. Using UBD technology in the HPHT Exploration wells is considered to be a huge turn in UBD Applications. It is a continuous challenge to get it done safely with the high uncertainties of the available information about the formations and the reservoir in this area.As the easy hydrocarbon resources are depleting and the industry has to search for oil and gas in deep environment, PDO has taken the route that not too many companies did in using the UBD technology to speed up the identification of the existence of the flowing gas in deep tight gas exploration wells.

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