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Background Epilepsy and primary headache disorders are two relatively common neurological disorders and their relationship is still a matter of debate. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and clinical features of primary headache disorders in patients with epilepsy. Methods 62 subjects aged ≥ 18 years were recruited from the hospital’s neurology outpatient clinic in the period from January to April 2018. The subjects were further divided into two equal groups, epileptics and non-epileptics. They underwent a semi-structured interview including the ILAE 2017 epilepsy classification and the ICHD III-beta criteria for headache. Patients' demographic data and clinical characteristics of epilepsy and headache and temporal relationships between them were assessed. Patients who experienced headaches were grouped based on the type of headaches and on whether their headaches occurred in the pre-ictal, post-ictal or inter-ictal period. Results Primary headache disorders were more common in epileptic group (61.3%) than the non-epileptic group (32.2%) (p = 0.021). The tension-type headache was the most common (45.2%) followed by migraine-type headache (12.9%) in the epileptic group. Post-ictal headache was the most common type (29%). Inter-ictal headaches were significantly related to "focal to bilateral tonic–clonic" seizures (p = 0.046). The prevalence of headache among patients on polytherapy (69.2%) was higher than that of patients on monotherapy (52.9%). Conclusions In this study, headache was more common in epileptic patients. TTH was the most represented type of headache in patients with epilepsy. Headache occurred in patients with epilepsy most frequently during the post-ictal period.

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Background Ischemic stroke (IS) constitutes a relevant health concern recently in younger population causing permanent cognitive and function-limiting disability and ranks as the 3rd cause of death in Egypt after cardiac and hepatic diseases. Platelet activation has a crucial mechanism in arterial thrombogenesis, thus in pathophysiology of IS. Surface expression of P-selectin (CD62P) reflects platelet activation and measured by flowcytometry. The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether platelet activity and reactivity are considered risk factors for IS so more restrict antiplatelet protocols could be implemented for management and recurrence prevention. Results Study population was 60 IS patients and 60 apparently healthy age and gender-matched controls. Patients were subdivided into 37 patients without classical risk factors, aged 46.1 ± 8.2, and 23 patients with > 1 vascular risk factors, aged 52 ± 9.9. The percentage of platelets expressing CD62P reflecting ex vivo baseline activity was significantly higher in stroke patients to controls (p = 0.001), also platelet reactivity (CD62P expression after ADP provocation) was statistically significantly elevated in patients than in controls (p < 0.0001) and was significantly higher in IS patients with vascular risk factors compared to patients without risk factors (p = 0.02). Conclusion Both baseline platelet activity and reactivity were significantly higher in IS patients, and were also higher in IS patients with other vascular risk factors than in cryptogenic stroke and considered risk factors for IS.

negative results of the all examined patients. However, due to low Se it's impossible to narrow the quantity of patients with the APS possibility. On the mix-stage we observed the low Se and high Sp of index of circulating anticoagulant (ICA) all the tests (c 2 >44,74; P < 0,001). On the confirmatory stage Se for LA ratio of all the test was 61,5% -74,4% and Sp LA ratio -95,4% -98,4% (c 2 >87,42; P < 0,001). Ac of all the tests was >87,8% Summary/Conclusion: Coagulation tests of the first stage have a high diagnostic reliability due to considerable Sp and Ac. Low Se does not give a considerable certainty of anticoagulant absence if the coagulation time is within the norm. On the second stage with ICA >15,0% LA can be suspected with high probability, but the low Se does not allow us to confidently differentiate the deficiency of clotting factor from the presence of pathological inhibitors. The highest significant diagnostic efficacy was found in the confirmatory stage.