Background and objectives: Blood pressure levels may vary because of genetic, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors. To date, there have been no large national studies in Eritrea on blood pressure. Therefore, we sought to establish a representative blood pressure reference interval for Health adult Eritreans Methods: The study included a sample of 942 healthy Eritrean individuals aged between 18 and 60 years, comprising 331 males and 611 females. The participants were selected from households located in the cities of Asmara, Keren, and Mandafara. Anthropometric measurements and clinical data were collected from each participant. Blood pressure was measured twice using a standardized procedure. Results: 942 healthy adults were included, 331 (35.1 %) were males with an average age of 40, and 611 (64.9%) were females, with an average age of 41, with an age range of 18-60 years. Median blood pressure for males was 120/78 mmHg, while the Median blood pressure for female was 118/78 mmHg for female Conclusion: The values of blood pressure were similar to international values of blood pressure and there was significantly higher blood pressure in males than in females.

Background: Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are of central importance for the assessment of peripheral nervous system disorders. They help in the diagnosis, extent distribution of neural lesion as well as the prognosis of a disease process. The aim of this study is to establish normative NCS reference data of the sural nerve in Sudanese population for our EMG electrodiagnostic center; and to survey the effects of age, gender, height, weight and temperature on conduction Parameters. Methods: The study was conducted in Elmagzoub Neuroscience Electrodiagnostic Centre; supported by the Faculty of Medicine, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan. NCSs were performed in 210 sural nerves of 105 adult healthy Sudanese subjects using standardized techniques. Results: The Right sural nerve SNAP parameters in the whole subjects were set as (mean ±standard deviation) for onset latency. peak latency, amplitude and conduction velocity. The values were 2.73±0.42 ms, 3.32±0.46 ms, 8.39±3.49 uV and 52.05±8.47 m/s, respectively. The Left sural nerve SNAP parameters in the whole study group were 2.71±0.50 ms, 3.29 ±0.52 ms, 8.54±4.56 uV and 52.66 ±8.95, respectively. Conclusion: The sural sensory nerve conduction parameters compared favorably with the existing literature. Age showed a positive correlation with latencies, and negative correlation with amplitude and velocity. Gender has conspicuous effect on all sural nerve conduction parameters. Height showed an effect on latency and conduction velocity whereas BMI revealed a negative correlation with amplitude and conduction velocity of sural nerve.

BackgroundNerve conductive studies (NCS) are the most informative portion of the electrodiagnostic evaluation for peripheral neuropathy; NCS can be extremely useful both in localizing lesions and determining the pathological processes. Recently, there is increased interest in quality of normative values for each test result and compare should be done between normal and patients regarding specific disease. So, The aim of our study is to help establish NCS normative data of tibial nerve that could be applicable in the Sudanese population and can be used in neurophysiology departments around the country and to compare with those data published in the literature, and to survey the effects of Age, Gender, Height, Weight and Temperature on Nerve Conduction Study Parameters.MethodsNCSs were performed in 210 tibial nerves of 105 adult healthy Sudanese subjects using standardized techniques.ResultsIt was found that the tibial nerve component values as follows; the distal latency is 4.063±1.0533 m/sec, Proximal latency 13.238 ±1.7253 m/sec, Conduction velocity 48.58±5.634 m/sec, F wave 51.509±6.1013 m/sec, Duration of CMAP at ankle 6.199± 1.0254 m/sec, Amplitude of CMAP at ankle 8.528±3.6658 μV, Area of CMAP at ankle 17.569±7.7389μV/ms, Duration of CMAP at popliteal 7.075±1.3173 m/sec, Amplitude of CMAP at popliteal 6.343±3.2871μV and Area at popliteal 14.914±7.8684 μV/ms.ConclusionThe tibial motor nerve conduction parameters for the tested nerve compared favorably with the existing literature with some discrepancies that were justifiedSignificanceThis is the first study to establish reference values for tibial NCS carried out Sudanese population.

Background: Blood count is the most commonly prescribed biological examination in general medical practice. The reference intervals of the hematological parameters of this examination are critical for clinical orientations and therapeutic decisions. Because there are racial, ethnic, and geographical differences in complete blood count (CBC) reference intervals (RIs), population-specific RIs must be established. The goals of this study were to identify hematological reference ranges in healthy adult Eritreans. Method: 942 healthy Eritreans between 18 and 60 years old were included,331 males and 611 females by use of a DXH500 analyzer, age ranging between 18-60 years. The venous blood sample was collected in a tube containing EDTA anticoagulant for the blood tests. SPSS version 25 statistical software was used for data analysis, P value < 0.05 was considered significant A non-parametric test was used for the determination of upper (97.5th percentile) and lower (2.5th percentile) reference interval limits with 95% CI. The Harris and Boyd Rule is used to determine the need for partitioning reference intervals based on gender. Results: The established 95% reference intervals combined median (2.5th–97.5th percentile) for both males and females were: WBCs: 6.37  (3.02-13.55x103/µL), Lymph%:39.34 (21.39-60.54 %), Mono %:8.98 (5.18-14.54%), Neut%: 49.13(16.90-81.98 %),  Baso%: 0.22 (0.00-0.63%),  MCV: 87.67 (76.58-97.29fl), MCH: 27.53 (20.46-32.70 pg), MCHC: 31.38 (25.20-35.30 g/dl, RDW: 14.65 (12.70-18.60 %), PLT: 286.83 (131.62-453.13 x103/µL) and MPV: 8.92 (7.28-11.01fl). The parameters that demand separate RI and Their respective median (2.5th – 97.5th percentile) for males versus females were: Eosin: 3.86 (0.29-16.68 %) versus 1.80 (0.20-6.73 %), RBCs: 5.57 (4.47-7.69x106/µL) versus 4.97 (3.98-6.38x106/µL), Hb: 15.28 (11.48-17.99 g/dl) versus 13.50 (10.74-16.54 g/dl), and HCT: 48.75 (38.96-61.17 %) versus 43.19 (34.86-58.60 %). The median of WBCs was significantly higher in females than males, the mean WBCs were lower in people residing at high altitudes compared to those leaving at low altitudes, The WBC is significantly higher among obese participants. The median Platelet count is significantly higher in females than in males. Conclusion: The reference intervals established in this study differ from the international one and thus should be used for the interpretation of laboratory results in diagnosis and follow-up in Eritrea. The study showed significant variations in Hb levels, RBCs count, WBCs count, and platelet according to gender, Age, BMI, and physical activity.

Background: The complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most beneficial biological tests used in routine medical practice. The reference intervals (RIs) of the hematological parameters are of major importance for clinical orientations and therapeutic decisions and it is necessary to establish RIs that are population specific. The objective of this study was to establish population-specific reference intervals for hematological parameters among healthy adult Eritreans. Method: Using a DXH500 analyzer, CBC values were evaluated in samples taken from 401 healthy Eritreans in Asmara city, ranging in age from 18 to 60. For the blood tests, a sample of venous blood was drawn into a tube containing the anticoagulant EDTA. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25, and a P value of 0.05 or above was deemed significant. The upper (97.5th percentile) and lower (2.5th percentile) reference interval boundaries with 95% CI were determined using a non-parametric test. The necessity for gender-based reference interval partitioning was determined using the Harris and Boyd Rule. Results: The established 95% reference intervals combined median (2.5th 97.5th percentile) were: that represent both males and females as per the suggestion of Harris and Boyd WBCs, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, MCV, RDW, RDW-SD and MPV (fl) were 6.3(3.62-11.56x103/microliter), 39.53(22.10-60.55 %), 8.67(5.70-13.61 %), 49.32(27.09-69.25 %), 1.19(0.22-7.13%), 0.17(0.02-0.61%), 88.10(79.32-96.07fl), 13.50(12.50-15.90 %), 37.25(33.00-43.29%), and 9.29(7.76-11.51fl) respectively. RBCs, Hb, HCT, MCH, MCHC, and platelets were the parameters that required separate RI. Their respective median (2.5th 97.5th percentile) for males versus females were 5.40 (4.57-6.21 x106/microliter) versus 4.88 (4.25-5.61x106/microliter), 15.66 (13.56-18.13 g/dl) versus 13.50 (11.95-15.68 g/dl, 48 (42.02-53.93%) versus 42.60 (36.40-48.52%), 29.10 (26.02-34.74 pg) versus 28.30 (24.79-31.02 pg), 32.55 (31.60-36.14 g/dl) versus 32.20 (31.10-33.50 14 g/dl) and 273.15 (155.67-399.34) versus 314.35 (113.96-499.55 103/microliter). Conclusion: The reference intervals established in this study differ from currently used RIs and thus should be used for the interpretation of laboratory results in diagnosis and safety monitoring in clinical trials in Asmara