Background: Lung carcinoid tumors are low grade cancerous tumours that develop from neuroendocrine cells that have become more common recently. Endobronchial bronchoscopic cryotherapy has gained interest by cardiothoracic surgeons as an alternative to the surgical bronchotomy. Objective: The aim of the current study is to assess the efficacy of bronchoscopic cryotherapy in the treatment of endobronchial typical carcinoid. Patients and methods: A prospective controlled clinical trial included 30 patients presented with endobronchial typical carcinoid from the January 2021 to the August 2022. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A included patients who had excision of the endobrochial mass using bronchscopic cryotherapy, and Group B included patients who had excision of the endobrochial mass using open surgical bronchotomy. Follow up of the patients was performed on regular basis clinically, radiologically and by bronchoscopic evaluation. Results: The Hospitalization period was shorter in Group A (6±2 hours), than in Group B (8±3 hours) showing a statistically significant difference. There was a high statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the postoperative scar presence (0 % in Group A vesurs 100% in Group B). Intraoperative and peri-operative data showed a non-significant difference (p>0.05) between both studied groups. Conclusion: Bronchoscopic cryotherapy is an efficient and safe procedure for the excision of endobronchial typical carcinoid.

Background: The most prevalent structural heart valve condition that affects the aging population is degenerative aortic stenosis (AS). Conflicting reports have been reported on the effect of concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with AS. Objective: At our medical center, we aimed to investigate outcomes of patients that occurred following AVR for AS conditions with and without CABG. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was performed in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department from February 2019 to January 2021. A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study and were equally divided into two groups. Group A involved patients who had an isolated AVR (n = 25). At the same time, Group B included patients who underwent AVR in conjunction with CABG (n = 25). AVR and all bypass anastomoses were performed under intermittent antegrade cold blood cardioplegia. Furthermore, we compared demographic, preoperative, operative, and postoperative data within groups. Results: Our finding revealed that the combination surgery patients were significantly older than the AVR patients (63.4 ± 8.7 vs. 57.7 ± 6.9 years; p = 0.014). The hospital mortality rate was similar in the combined procedure and AVR. The aortic cross-clamp time and cardiopulmonary bypass time were significantly longer in AVR + CABG compared to AVR patients (p < 0.0001). One-year postoperative improvements were reported in the NYHA class, with only one hospital mortality case among the two groups. Conclusions: We concluded that with optimal myocardial protection, minimal cross-clamp, and cardiopulmonary bypass time, in addition to the ideal and precise technique, the combined result of CABG-AVR was comparable to that of isolated CABG or AVR.