Background Theory of mind (ToM) is one of the essential components of social cognition. Affective ToM enables us to interpret other’s feelings and behaviors. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia are two distinct mental disorders, yet they have a mutual deficit in interpreting emotions, thoughts, and intentions which may lead to a higher incidence of suicidality. Studies that involved social cognition, particularly ToM in schizophrenia, or BPD have controversial results. Therefore, this study aimed at comparing affective ToM functioning in female patients with BPD, schizophrenia, and healthy controls. In addition, identifying the possible impact and any correlation exists between the affective ToM and liability for suicide in those patients. Sixty individuals were recruited from the Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, and assigned into 3 groups where group A involved 20 BPD patients, group B involved 20 schizophrenic patients, and group C were healthy persons as a control. Assessment of affective ToM was done using Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), and probability of suicide was measured using Suicide Probability Scale (SPS). Results Regarding ToM, the three groups were assessed using RMET and the results revealed a significantly higher mean score (hypermentalization) in BPD patients than both schizophrenic patients and controls. While schizophrenic patients had significantly lower mean scores than the control group (hypomentalization). As well, BPD patients had a significantly higher suicide probability total score than Schizophrenic patients and in all subdomains except for the hostility subdomain that was significantly higher in schizophrenic patients. Interestingly, in BPD, the suicide probability total score was positively correlated with RMET. Conclusions BPD patients have enhanced affective ToM and hypermentalization that is significantly associated with increased suicide probability in those patients, while in schizophrenia, hypomentalization could not be linked to increased suicide probability. Rehabilitation and proper management of ToM abnormalities might be a crucial tool in suicide prevention in mental illnesses, particularly, BPD.

Objectives:Tramadol addiction is one of the major addiction problems in growing countries, especially in Egypt. Moreover, there is a strong relation between suicidality and addiction even after exclusion of personality disorders; the burden of suicide adds to the burden of substance abuse in those individuals and their families. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 72 tramadol-dependent patients who were recruited randomly in this study from the addiction outpatient clinic of Okasha Institute of Psychiatry of Ain Shams University, after obtaining an informed consent. They are assessed by ( 1) Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Axis I Disorders for diagnosis of substance use disorder, (2) Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Axis II Disorders for exclusion of personality disorders, (3) suicide probability scale, and (4) Addiction Severity Index. Results:Regarding suicidal probability, 44.44% of the sample showed risk of suicide, which was severe among 19.44%, moderate among 11.11%, and mild among 13.89% of the sample. Regarding "Addiction Severity Index," most patients had no real medical problem. In the employment domain, 38.89% had a slight problem. In the drug use domain, 80.56% had a moderate problem.There is a significant relation between the degree of medical, drug use, and legal problem and the severity of suicidal risk. Moreover, the longer duration of addiction and the advanced age of patients are risk factors for suicidal probability. Conclusions:There is a suicide probability among tramadol addicts. The duration of tramadol use could be considered a strong risk factor for suicide, as the longer the duration of tramadol, the higher the suicidal risk.

Tomato plants are highly sensitive to chilling stress so this experiment was conducted during successive winter seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 to investigate the possibility of sustaining production and quality of tomato yield under cold conditions by using different types of mesh cover for low tunnels. Two commercial cultivars, i.e., Super gold F1 and Super streen F1 were used. Seedlings were transplanted under different types of mesh cover for low tunnels. Three types of mesh cover (63%, 65%, 73%) had done to cover the plants of all tested seasons compared to open field condition (control "Without cover"). Results show that significant differences were observed among the two hybrid varieties of tomato studied, in terms of their vegetative growth characteristics (plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight and leaves area) as well as yield and fruit quality characteristics (Fruit set, total yield, firmness, T.S.S and Vit. C. ‘Super gold’ exhibited significantly higher values for these characteristics, compared to ‘Super strain B’. Chilling reduced the growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight) for control plants (without cover) compared to the coverage treatments (63%, 65%, 73%). Significant highest results in the growth, chemical composition of tomato leaves as well as yield and fruit quality parameters were obtained with covering tomato plants by white mesh cover 63% flowed by 65% of treatments which were best than the chilled plants. Concerning the interaction between hybrid varieties and covering treatments, it can be noticed that Cv. Super gold F1 which grown under white mesh cover 63% recorded a highly significant increases in plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, leaves area, N, P, K, total chlorophyll, total proline, total sugers contents, fruit set, total yield, firmness, T.S.S and Vit. C. when compared to Cv. Super streen B F1 which grown in open field (without coverage).

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tobacco smoking start in near same developmental life stages and are highly comorbid disorders. Little research has focused on this comorbidity and its correlates, especially in the Arab world. This study aimed to find the relation between tobacco smoking and ADHD symptoms and to understand how ADHD profile can affect its persistence.

Background Although much attention has been drawn to trends in smoking and smoking related diseases in the general population, increasing evidence suggests that patients with mental illness are at a high risk for tobacco use and nicotine addiction. Cigarette smokers usually state the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of smoking, but evidence reports that cigarette smoking may promote negative effect, so that the causal direction of this association still mysterious. It was reported that there is a cause effect relationship between cigarette smoking and depression as multiple studies mentioned that tobacco use increases the risk of symptoms of depression. The relationship between smoking and depression was attributed to genetic predisposition, low level of dopamine, low self-esteem, and coping styles. Aim of the Work The current study aimed to study the pattern of tobacco use among patients with depression, to study the degree of motivation to quit in patients with depression, and to assess severity of suicidal behavior among patients with depression using tobacco. Patients and Methods This is a case control study conducted in patients with the diagnosis of depression attending the outpatient clinic or inpatient of the institute of psychiatry Ain Shams University Hospitals during the academic year 2018-2019. The sample size was consisted of 100 patients and the patients were selected randomly. The relationship between tobacco use and depression between Egyptian patients was assessed using Socioeconomic status scale (SES), Hamilton Rating scale for Depression (HRSD), FagerströmTest for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11 (LWDS-11), Reason for quitting scale (RFQ), Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), and ICD-10 symptom checklist for mental disorders. Results The present study showed a statistical significant association between the following scales; Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS), Difference score of Reason for quitting scale (RFQ) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS), and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS). Conclusion Compared to non-depressive persons, the results showed that depressive groups were less desired for quitting smoking.