In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and applied to a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to enhance the efficiency of solar cells. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized with UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The silver nanoparticles infused titanium dioxide film was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The performance of DSSC fabricated with silver nanoparticle-modified photoanode was compared with that of a control group. The current and voltage characteristics of the devices as well as the electrochemical impedance measurements were also carried out to assess the performance of the fabricated solar cells. The solar-to-electric efficiency of silver nanoparticles based DSSC was 1.76%, which is quite remarkable compared to the 0.98% realized for DSSC fabricated without silver nanoparticles.

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Introduction The study of psychocutaneous disorders requires a multidisciplinary approach. It is of paramount importance that dermatologists understand the psychiatric premise for these disorders. Mental health professionals can also benefit from a better understanding of the dermatologic manifestations of psychiatric disorders they may encounter in their practice. Aim The aim of this study is to elevate the level of understanding regarding psychotherapeutic treatment of psychocutaneous disorders. Methods We performed a literature review using the major databases. Four researchers reviewed English, full text, peer‐reviewed articles that were published after 2000 using our specific search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results The majority of psychocutaneous disorders seem to be clustered among three DSM‐5 disorders: depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and obsessive‐compulsive related disorders. Conclusions Better recognition of the underlying psychiatric comorbidities may lead to improved patient outcomes.