The shell and tube heat exchanger is one of the commonly used heat exchangers. Minimizing the cost required to manufacture these heat exchangers is one of the main objectives for designers and users. This study determined the necessary design parameters for a shell and tube heat exchanger to be manufactured with minimum cost using The Bees Algorithm (BA). These design parameters are the shell side inside diameter, the tube side outside diameter, and the baffle spaces. The system mathematical model is created to find the optimum values of these parameters, the necessary boundary conditions are determined, and an optimization study is carried out. The cost obtained by BA $ 11187.86 compared with GA $ 11190.17 and SPQ $ 18429.4 from the literature. It is observed that The Bees Algorithm (BA) gives successful results in the design of shell and tube heat exchangers.

In this study, density, energy, pressure, temperature changes, and drag coefficients occurring during the trajectory of movement for a 155 mm ammunition shell were simulated with the computational flow dynamics software Stanford University Unstructured (SU2). Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, which are operationally simplified variations of the Navier-Stokes (N-S) flow solver, were used in the simulations. The Reynolds number based on the velocity was between 1.65x107 to 6.5x107 according to the Mach (M) number between 0.7 to 2.8 in the present simulation. The drag coefficients from 0.7 M to 2.8 M were obtained separately for each Mach 0.3 increase. The Free Computer-Aided Design (FreeCAD) program was used for geometrical drawings of the ammunition, the Geometry Description, Meshing, Solving, and Post-Processing (GMSH) software for mesh operations, and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model to create a compressible finite volume. As well, 0 degrees was used as the angle of attack. For estimation of the aerodynamic coefficient percentage changes obtained from the simulations, exponential equations with the highest validity based on the R2 value were created. In addition, the calculated drag coefficients were compared with the actual values and a good fit was observed between them.