The purpose of this study is to determine perception of postgraduate Computer Education and Instructional Technologies (CEIT) students regarding the concepts of Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), Augmented Virtuality (AV) and Mirror Reality; and to offer a table that includes differences and similarities between these concepts. This study also aims to determine the likelihood of CEIT postgraduate students for using the said concepts in education. In this context, the frequently used reality concepts in the CEIT field have been examined from the perspective of the participants and in terms of the following traits: frequency of potential use, perceived usefulness, and perceived effectiveness. The phenomenological method was used in this qualitative study. 10 CEIT graduate students have been the participants of this research; with 4 of these pursuing a PhD and 6 pursuing a Master's Degree. 14 open-ended questions related to AR, VR, MR, AV and Mirror Reality concepts were used throughout semistructured and face-to-face interviews in order to collect data. Findings show that AR and VR are the most familiar concepts. Participants have several misconceptions about the reality concepts but the least amount of misconception was associated with AR and VR. Most of the participants had no idea about MR and none of them had any idea about Mirror Reality. Findings refer that VR is the most frequently used kind of reality owing to the fact Educ Inf Technol that it can be developed and implemented more easily and there are several AR studies because of its current popularity.

The aim of this study is to examine the educational augmented reality applications developed for mobile devices. In accordance with this aim, mobile educational augmented reality applications restricted by Android operating system were searched under the keywords "Augmented Reality and Education" in the Google Play Store and the first 100 results enumerated according to the downloading number were taken under review and evaluated from different perspectives. This evaluation addresses the following points: (1) whether the evaluated applications have the characteristics of augmented reality, (2) market category of the applications where they are published, (3) the table formed as a result of classification of the researchers, (4) distribution of the subjects in the applications, (5) the area on which augmented reality application runs, (6) last update date of augmented reality applications and (7) downloading number of augmented reality applications. After evaluation of these points 18 applications which take much attention and are considered as important for the education have been

The purpose of this study is to reveal high school students’ perceptions about interactive white board (IWB) usage in physics class. In this study perceptions of students from a high school in Zonguldak city of Turkey about usage of IWB in instruction of topics from physics taken as an elective course. Action research carried out in two classes alternately one with traditional plane White board-projection system and in the other IWB used. Process applied with ABAB design and data collected with qualitative methods and tools. Research sample consists of 16 girls 13 boys from two classes. Data collected from journals and surveys written by the students. Questions given in the journals and surveys takes three categories; (1) Benefits, (2) Limitations and, (3) Advices for future uses. According to the results of the study, it appears that multimedia uses and attractive features of IWB makes it interesting for students. Moreover some advices were given by students in the usage of IWB. By the results of the data collected in this research educators will find useful information and future users will get practical preferences in using IWB. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin fizik dersinde akıllı tahtanın kullanımı ile ilgili algılarını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada Türkiye’nin Zonguldak ilindeki bir lisede Seçmeli Fizik dersini alan öğrencilerin bu derslerdeki akıllı tahta kullanımıyla ilgili algıları incelenmiştir. Çalıma, iki sınıfta akıllı tahta ile beyaz tahta-projeksiyon sistemlerinin kullanımlarının dönüşümlü olarak uygulanması şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Süreç ABAB modeli ile uygulanmış ve veriler nitel yöntem ve araçlar ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmada 16 kız ve 13 erkek olmak üzere toplam 29 öğrenciye uygulanan anketler ve derslerde tutulan günlükler ile elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Günlük ve anketlerdeki sorular üç alanı ele almaktadır: (1) Faydalar, (2) Sınırlılıklar ve (3) Gelecek için tavsiyeler. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, akıllı tahtanın çoklu ortam kullanımı ve çekici yönü ile öğrenciler tarafından ilgi uyarıcı bulunduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, akıllı tahtanın gelecekteki kullanımları için tavsiyelerde de bulunulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ortaya koyduğu verilerle eğitimciler akıllı tahtanın sınıflarda kullanımı ile ilgili bilgi edinebilecekler ve gelecekteki kullanıcılar akıllı tahta ile ilgili faydalı ipuçları bulabileceklerdir.

Two crucial factors urged IR academia to account for state behaviour in cyberspace; one is the increasing volume of cyber attacks, and the other is the raising scale of damage induced by these attacks. This has brought a series of initiatives to appeal to the grand theories of IR so as to scrutinize state behaviour in depth in terms of securitization and militarization of the cyberspace. Subscribing to the same pattern of endeavor, this work intends to contribute to IR academia by putting forth a neorealist analysis of state behaviour in cyberspace by relying on quantitative methods. The linear regression conducted by using a dataset consisting of 8,991 samples indicates that as states build more cyber security capacity, they become more tended to execute disruptive actions against other states in the cyberspace. Even after reinforcing the model with three additional control variables, the model yielded highly statistically important results.

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