The year 2021 was a critical juncture for European Railways. Not just the deadline for full implementation of the Fourth Railway Package, but the EU also advertised the whole year as "the year of Rail" to accelerate mobility on rail and aid member states to speed up their compliance with the norms of highly anticipated "Single European Railways". Nevertheless, both goals seemed pretty ambitious to achieve when member states were still coping with the pernicious effects of the pandemic and the war. This research evaluates EU nations' current performance towards the EU's railway regulations. Through a machine-learning model, the analysis suggests three classes of states. It assumes a significant differentiation in member state performance, which causes the EU to fall behind the assumed schedule immensely.

The current stalemate between the EU and Turkey directly affects much policy implementation, ranging from democracy to the economy. In terms of escaping from this crisis, the current proposed solutions seem to be only effective in a handful of areas. Concerning Turkey's Europeanization, there is certain inertia. In a fraught period, transport policy is a surprising success story, with its stability and continuation in the alignment process. This study investigates the main reasons and driving forces behind this curious case. The changing dynamics between different periods has not only changed the background factors but also contributed to a progressive approach, which has once again showed the importance of domestic political preferences when it comes to Europeanization. Avrupalılaşmada Farklılaşan Eğilimler: Türkiye'nin AB Ulaştırma Politikalarına UyumuÖzet Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye arasında günümüzde yaşanmakta olan sorunlar demokrasiden, ekonomik ilişkilere kadar birçok konuyu etkilemektedir. Krizden çıkış için öne sürülen çözüm önerileri sadece birkaç alanda etkili olabilmiş ve genel daralmayı çözememiştir. Avrupalılaşma konusu ise sürekli gerilemenin yaşandığı * Dr., Ahmet Cemal ERTÜRK bir süreç haline gelmiştir. Olumsuzlukların yaşandığı bu dönemeçte ulaştırma ve ulaştırma alanında entegrasyonun istikrarlı bir şekilde AB'ye yaklaşması ise tuhaf ama olumlu bir gelişmeyi işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışma oldukça sorunlu bir dönemin içerisinde istikrarlı bir şekilde AB'ye entegre olan Türkiye ulaştırma politkalarını ve bütünleşmenin arkasındaki faktörleri ele almıştır. Dönemler içerisinde farklılık arz eden bu faktörler, Avrupalılaşma sürecinin devamını sağlamış ve ayrıca iç siyasi dinamiklerin de süreç için ne kadar önem arz ettiğini tekrar ortaya koymuştur.

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The term “Crisis Europe” simply defines the current state of the EU affairs. Within the last ten years, the financial crisis, the entrance of refugees, the pandemic, and lately, the Russian invasion have deeply damaged the actorness of the bloc. Under the shadow of war, European decision-makers have once again turned to their endless search for solidarity and more integration as a response. Yet, it seems that the EU has a mountain to climb to convince its inner circle and the outer world. This short analysis tries to understand the dynamics that pushed the EU into a crisis stage and issues that consistently pulled the rug out from under the idea of unity. Moreover, it also offers a more flexible approach as an alternative plan to unblock the ongoing impasse.